{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:46:16Z","timestamp":1771483576565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5-T32GM086330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-T32GM086330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous heart failure (HF) trials suggested that age influences patient characteristics and outcome; however, under-representation of elderly patients has limited characterization of this cohort. Whether standard prognostic variables have differential utility in various age groups is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PROTECT trial investigated 2033 patients (median age 72 years) with acute HF randomized to rolofylline or placebo. Patients were divided into five groups based on the quintiles of age: \u226459, 60\u201368, 69\u201374, 75\u201379, and \u226580\u2009years. Baseline characteristics, medications, and outcomes (30-day death or cardiovascular\/renal hospitalization, and death at 30 and 180 days) were explored. The prognostic utility of baseline characteristics for outcomes was investigated in the different groups and in those aged &amp;lt;80\u2009years vs. \u226580\u2009years. With increasing age, patients were more likely to be women with hypertension, AF, and higher EF. Increased age was associated with increased risk of 30- and 180-day outcomes, which persisted after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for 180-day death\u2009=\u20091.17; 95% confidence interval 1.11\u20131.24 for each 5-year increase). The prognostic utility of baseline characteristics such as previous HF hospitalization and serum sodium, systolic blood pressure, and NYHA class was attenuated in the elderly for the endpoint of 180-day mortality. An increase in albumin was associated with a greater reduction in risk in patients aged \u226580\u2009years vs. &amp;lt;80\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a large trial of acute HF, there were differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes amongst patients of different ages. Standard prognostic variables exhibit different utility in elderly patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T03:31:19Z","timestamp":1417059079000},"page":"109-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Acute Heart Failure in Elderly Patients: Worse Outcomes and Differential Utility of Standard Prognostic Variables. Insights from the PROTECT Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Metra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Mentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Chiswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Clinical Trials Statistics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Bloomfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, NJ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John G.F.","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London (Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals) and Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, University of Hull , Kingston-upon-Hull ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gad","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Momentum Research Inc. , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Momentum Research Inc. , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard C.","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Fiuzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Givertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Lazzarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, NJ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry M.","family":"Massie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ponikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University, Military Hospital , Wroclaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Teerlink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriaan A.","family":"Voors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011921080595000_ejhf207-bib-0001","first-page":"e6","article-title":"American Heart Association Statistics Committee, Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. 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