{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T01:33:19Z","timestamp":1775093599010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Heart Fail"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment with sodium\u2013glucose co\u2010transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improves outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. There is limited experience with the in\u2010hospital initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with acute HF (AHF) with or without diabetes. EMPULSE is designed to assess the clinical benefit and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin compared with placebo in patients hospitalized with AHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EMPULSE is a randomized, double\u2010blind, parallel\u2010group, placebo\u2010controlled multinational trial comparing the in\u2010hospital initiation of empagliflozin (10\u2009mg once daily) with placebo. Approximately 500 patients admitted for AHF with dyspnoea, signs of fluid overload, and elevated natriuretic peptides will be randomized 1:1 stratified to HF status (\n                      <jats:italic>de\u2010novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and decompensated chronic HF) to either empagliflozin or placebo at approximately 165 sites across North America, Europe and Asia. Patients will be enrolled regardless of ejection fraction and diabetes status and will be randomized during hospitalization and after stabilization (between 24\u2009h and 5\u2009days after admission), with treatment continued up to 90\u2009days after initiation. The primary outcome is clinical benefit at 90\u2009days, consisting of a composite of all\u2010cause death, HF events, and \u22655 point change from baseline in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ\u2010TSS), assessed using a \u2018win\u2010ratio\u2019 approach. Secondary outcomes include assessments of safety, change in KCCQ\u2010TSS from baseline to 90\u2009days and change in natriuretic peptides from baseline to 30\u2009days.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EMPULSE trial will evaluate the clinical benefit and safety of empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for AHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T07:07:03Z","timestamp":1613804823000},"page":"826-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Sodium\u2013glucose co\u2010transporter 2 inhibition in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: rationale for and design of the\n                    <scp>EMPULSE<\/scp>\n                    trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jasper","family":"Tromp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore"},{"name":"National Heart Centre Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ponikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Diseases Medical University  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Salsali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals  Ridgefield CT USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Rutgers University  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane E.","family":"Angermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Heart 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CHRU de Nancy, F\u2010CRIN INI\u2010CRCT  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Grauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH  Ingelheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Kosiborod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and the University of Missouri  Kansas City MO USA"},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health and the University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Nassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and the University of Missouri  Kansas City MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell A.","family":"Psotka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Heart and Vascular Institute  Falls Church VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Brueckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH  Ingelheim Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Teerlink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriaan A.","family":"Voors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The 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