{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:52:44Z","timestamp":1793393564360,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Heart Fail"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency (ID) and anaemia are common in heart failure; less is known about changes over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated prevalence, incidence and resolution of ID and anaemia in 906 patients with chronic heart failure (median age 73 (65\u201379) years, 70% men, 51% with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) 1\u2009year apart. ID was defined as serum iron \u226413\u2009\u00b5mol\/L and anaemia as haemoglobin &lt;13.0\u00a0g\/dL for men or &lt;12.0\u00a0g\/dL for women. FAIR\u2010HF criteria for ID were also considered. At baseline, 10% had anaemia without ID, 23% had ID without anaemia, 20% had both, and 47% had neither. Percentages changed little over 1\u2009year, but 157 (30%) patients had new\u2010onset ID, 104 (16%) new\u2010onset anaemia, whilst ID resolved in 173 (44%) and anaemia in 63 (23%). Compared to those who remained iron replete (iron &gt;13\u2009\u00b5mol\/L), mortality was higher in those with persistent or incident ID at 1\u2009year [hazard ratio (HR) 1.81 (1.23\u20132.67), and HR 1.40 (0.91\u20132.14), respectively] in multivariable models (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). Compared to persistent ID, resolution of ID was associated with a lower mortality [HR 0.61 (0.44\u20130.86);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004]. Changes in ID defined by FAIR\u2010HF criteria were not similarly associated with mortality. Anaemia was associated with a poor outcome even if it resolved.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence and incidence of ID and anaemia are high in chronic heart failure but so is the rate of resolution. Persistent or incident ID, defined by a serum iron \u226413\u2009\u00b5mol\/L, is associated with higher mortality and resolution of ID with lower mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T02:33:53Z","timestamp":1622255633000},"page":"807-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Natural history and prognostic significance of iron deficiency and anaemia in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fraser J.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Masini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Pellicori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.F.","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Greenlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Friday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.820"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2017.1351239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.11.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.592"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva: WHO; 2011 (WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/MNM\/11.1)http:\/\/www.who.int\/vmnis\/indicators\/haemoglobin.pdf(1 June 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004519","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004519","article-title":"Definition of iron deficiency based on the gold standard of bone marrow iron staining in heart failure patients","volume":"11","author":"Beverborg NG","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.04.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MT00347G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60865-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.103366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9304-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01490506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243791"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-12-077388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912233412607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.220830"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-019-09829-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32339-4"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejhf.2251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ejhf.2251","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejhf.2251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:16:24Z","timestamp":1767701784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejhf.2251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejhf.2251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.2251","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}