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Two components of the ergoreflex have been identified: the mechanoreflex, which is activated early by muscle contraction and tendon stretch, and the metaboreflex, which responds to the accumulation of metabolites in the exercising muscles. Patients with heart failure (HF) often develop a skeletal myopathy with varying degrees of severity, from a subclinical disease to cardiac cachexia. HF\u2010related myopathy has been associated with increased ergoreflex sensitivity, which is believed to contribute to dyspnoea on effort, fatigue and sympatho\u2010vagal imbalance, which are hallmarks of HF. Ergoreflex sensitivity increases significantly also in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Exercise training is a valuable therapeutic option for both HF and neuromuscular disorders to blunt ergoreflex sensitivity, restore the sympatho\u2010vagal balance, and increase tolerance to physical exercise. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms mediating ergoreflex sensitivity might enable a drug or device modulation of this reflex when patients cannot exercise because of advanced skeletal myopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T04:50:28Z","timestamp":1626411028000},"page":"1458-1467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["The ergoreflex: how the skeletal muscle modulates ventilation and cardiovascular function in health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Aimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology Department Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi 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