{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:27:51Z","timestamp":1789190871353,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":979,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a suite of quality indicators (QIs) for the evaluation of the care and outcomes for adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) methodology for the development of QIs. This included (i) the identification of key domains of care for the management of PAH, (ii) the proposal of candidate QIs following systematic review of the literature, and (iii) the selection of a set of QIs using a modified Delphi method. The process was undertaken in parallel with the writing of the 2022 ESC\/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension and involved the Task Force chairs, experts in PAH, Heart Failure Association (HFA) members and patient representatives. We identified five domains of care for patients with PAH: structural framework, diagnosis and risk stratification, initial treatment, follow-up, and outcomes. In total, 23 main and one secondary QIs for PAH were selected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This document presents the ESC QIs for PAH, describes their development process and offers scientific rationale for their selection. The indicators may be used to quantify and improve adherence to guideline-recommended clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1678940676000},"page":"469-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["European Society of Cardiology Quality Indicators for the Care and Outcomes of Adults with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Developed in Collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9854-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suleman","family":"Aktaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris P.","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Brida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty University of Rijeka , Rijeka ,","place":["Croatia"]},{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Giannakoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yochai","family":"Adir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology , Haifa ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond L.","family":"Benza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick , Coventry ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"D'Alto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d - Monaldi Hospital , Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Escribano-Subias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Department of Cardiology, CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pisana","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIPI, Associazione Ipertensione Polmonare Italiana (Italian Pulmonary Hypertension Association) , Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazzareno","family":"Gali\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna , Bologna ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMES, University of Bologna , Bologna ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Simon R.","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Gin-Sing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius M.","family":"Hoeper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre of Lung Research, DZL , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Humbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2013Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, H\u00f4pital Bic\u00eatre , Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene M.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Maron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergely","family":"Meszaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA Europe) , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Vonk Noordegraaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Pepke-Zaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital , Cambridge ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"R\u00e5degran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University , Lund ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Hemodynamic Lab, Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO. 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