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Independent predictors included lower systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and haemoglobin, along with diabetes, hepatic disease, use of thiazide diuretics, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, digoxin, higher doses of loop diuretics, and non-use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers and beta-blockers. In-hospital death occurred in 3.3%. The prevalence of hyponatraemia and in-hospital mortality with different combinations were: 9% hyponatraemia both at admission and discharge (hyponatraemia Yes\/Yes, in-hospital mortality 6.9%), 11% Yes\/No (in-hospital mortality 4.9%), 8% No\/Yes (in-hospital mortality 4.7%), and 72% No\/No (in-hospital mortality 2.4%). Correction of hyponatraemia was associated with improvement in eGFR. In-hospital development of hyponatraemia was associated with greater diuretic use and worsening eGFR but also more effective decongestion. Among hospital survivors, 12-month mortality was 19% and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were for hyponatraemia Yes\/Yes 1.60 (1.35\u20131.89), Yes\/No 1.35 (1.14\u20131.59), and No\/Yes 1.18 (0.96\u20131.45). For death or heart failure hospitalization they were 1.38 (1.21\u20131.58), 1.17 (1.02\u20131.33), and 1.09 (0.93\u20131.27), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients with AHF, 20% had hyponatraemia at admission, which was associated with more advanced heart failure and normalized in half of patients during hospitalization. Admission hyponatraemia (possibly dilutional), especially if it did not resolve, was associated with worse in-hospital and post-discharge outcomes. Hyponatraemia developing during hospitalization (possibly depletional) was associated with lower risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T02:44:18Z","timestamp":1682649858000},"page":"1571-1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hyponatraemia and Changes in Natraemia During Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure and Associations with In-Hospital and Long-Term Outcomes \u2013 from the ESC-HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kap\u0142on-Cie\u015blicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Chioncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u2018Prof. C.C. Iliescu\u2019 and University of Medicine Carol Davila , Bucharest ,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Crespo-Leiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Trasplante Cardiaco, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruna (CHUAC), INIBIC, Universidad de A Coru\u00f1a (UDC), CIBERCV , La Coruna ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.S.","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Research Institute , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Ruschitzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Dro\u017cd\u017c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz 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