{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:36:46Z","timestamp":1793425006207,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":892,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2210245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2210245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Heal"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL128526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL128526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL162828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL162828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL160226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL160226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2210245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2210245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL128526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL128526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL162828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL162828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL160226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL160226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is widely held that heart failure (HF) does not cause exertional hypoxaemia, based upon studies in HF with reduced ejection fraction, but this may not apply to patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Here, we characterize the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical implications of exertional arterial hypoxaemia in HFpEF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with HFpEF (n\u2009=\u2009539) and no coexisting lung disease underwent invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing with simultaneous blood and expired gas analysis. Exertional hypoxaemia (oxyhaemoglobin saturation\u2009&amp;lt;94%) was observed in 136 patients (25%). As compared to those without hypoxaemia (n\u2009=\u2009403), patients with hypoxaemia were older and more obese. Patients with HFpEF and hypoxaemia had higher cardiac filling pressures, higher pulmonary vascular pressures, greater alveolar\u2013arterial oxygen difference, increased dead space fraction, and greater physiologic shunt compared to those without hypoxaemia. These differences were replicated in a sensitivity analysis where patients with spirometric abnormalities were excluded. Regression analyses revealed that increases in pulmonary arterial and pulmonary capillary pressures were related to lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), especially during exercise. Body mass index (BMI) was not correlated with the arterial PaO2, and hypoxaemia was associated with increased risk for death over 2.8 (interquartile range 0.7\u20135.5) years of follow-up, even after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (hazard ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.01\u20133.96; p\u2009=\u20090.046).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 10% and 25% of patients with HFpEF display arterial desaturation during exercise that is not ascribable to lung disease. Exertional hypoxaemia is associated with more severe haemodynamic abnormalities and increased mortality. Further study is required to better understand the mechanisms and treatment of gas exchange abnormalities in HFpEF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T02:47:05Z","timestamp":1686797225000},"page":"1593-1603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Hypoxaemia in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Massar","family":"Omar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Omote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Sorimachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejana","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardaas","family":"Kanwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Alogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh N.V.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiser G.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjiv J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry A.","family":"Borlaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3721","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz713","article-title":"The haemodynamic basis of lung congestion during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"40","author":"Reddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy268","article-title":"Haemodynamics, dyspnoea, and pulmonary reserve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"39","author":"Obokata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.03.003","article-title":"Hemodynamic correlates and diagnostic role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"6","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu315","article-title":"Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise and long-term mortality in patients with suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"35","author":"Dorfs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004750","article-title":"Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure patterns during exercise predict exercise capacity and incident heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Eisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.051","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure: Pathophysiology, pathobiology, and emerging clinical perspectives","volume":"69","author":"Guazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy809","article-title":"Deterioration in right ventricular structure and function over time in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"40","author":"Obokata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.03.001","article-title":"Impaired pulmonary diffusion in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"4","author":"Olson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.12.016","article-title":"Diffusion capacity and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"4","author":"Hoeper","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019950","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement of lung diffusing capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics reveals exertional alveolar-capillary dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"10","author":"Fermoyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045409","article-title":"Altered hemodynamics and end-organ damage in heart failure: Impact on the lung and kidney","volume":"142","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.7.2221","article-title":"Lung function and exercise gas exchange in chronic heart failure","volume":"96","author":"Wasserman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.24.2803","article-title":"Impairment of ventilatory efficiency in heart failure: Prognostic impact","volume":"101","author":"Kleber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.77.3.552","article-title":"Increased exercise ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure: Intact ventilatory control despite hemodynamic and pulmonary abnormalities","volume":"77","author":"Sullivan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00016-2","article-title":"Atrial shunt device for heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction (REDUCE LAP-HF II): A randomised, multicentre, blinded, sham-controlled trial","volume":"399","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.07.009","article-title":"Atrial dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation","volume":"76","author":"Reddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.4.816","article-title":"Ventilatory and diffusion abnormalities in potential heart transplant recipients","volume":"98","author":"Wright","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90685-T","article-title":"Isolated ultrafiltration in moderate congestive heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Agostoni","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90428-G","article-title":"Abnormal pulmonary function specifically related to congestive heart failure: Comparison of patients before and after cardiac transplantation","volume":"88","author":"Hosenpud","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06081197","article-title":"Respiratory dysfunction in congestive heart failure: Correction after heart transplantation","volume":"6","author":"Niset","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08060959","article-title":"Evolution of resting lung function in the first year after cardiac transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Bussieres","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00784-X","article-title":"Lung membrane diffusing capacity, heart failure, and heart transplantation","volume":"83","author":"Mettauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.417","article-title":"Lung congestion in chronic heart failure: Haemodynamic, clinical, and prognostic implications","volume":"17","author":"Melenovsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2.669","article-title":"The pulmonary manifestations of left heart failure","volume":"125","author":"Gehlbach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.24.2774","article-title":"Gas exchange efficiency in congestive heart failure","volume":"101","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.7.967","article-title":"Enhanced ventilatory response to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved exercise tolerance: Marker of abnormal cardiorespiratory reflex control and predictor of poor prognosis","volume":"103","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.954388","article-title":"Diastolic and systolic heart failure are distinct phenotypes within the heart failure spectrum","volume":"123","author":"Borlaug","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.979203","article-title":"Cardiac dysfunction and noncardiac dysfunction as precursors of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction in the community","volume":"124","author":"Lam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac205","article-title":"Lung function impairment and risk of incident heart failure: The NHLBI pooled cohorts study","volume":"43","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac201","article-title":"HFp2EF: Heart failure with pulmonary dysfunction and preserved ejection fraction?","volume":"43","author":"Maron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90288-E","article-title":"Effects of increased inspired oxygen concentrations on exercise performance in chronic heart failure","volume":"339","author":"Moore","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308932","article-title":"The effect of increasing inspired oxygen on exercise performance in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"102","author":"Koshy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.910","article-title":"Pulmonary capillary pressure and filtration coefficient in the isolated perfused lung","volume":"213","author":"Gaar","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.09.017","article-title":"Subclinical pulmonary congestion and abnormal hemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"15","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000097115.61309.59","article-title":"Exercise-induced pulmonary edema in heart failure","volume":"108","author":"Agostoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.9.1190","article-title":"Acute saline infusion reduces alveolar-capillary membrane conductance and increases airflow obstruction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"99","author":"Puri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104739","article-title":"Venous admixture to the pulmonary circulation in human subjects breathing 100 per cent oxygen","volume":"42","author":"Said","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0039","first-page":"919","article-title":"State of the art: Ventilation-perfusion relationships","volume":"116","author":"West","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00929-3","article-title":"Lack of improvement of lung diffusing capacity following fluid withdrawal by ultrafiltration in chronic heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Agostoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.110282","article-title":"Cardiomegaly as a possible cause of lung dysfunction in patients with heart failure","volume":"140","author":"Agostoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-04944-z","article-title":"Ventilatory response at rest and during maximal exercise testing in patients with severe obesity before and after sleeve gastrectomy","volume":"31","author":"Borasio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026010913103581000_ejhf2930-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1809","article-title":"Targeting pulmonary capillary permeability to reduce lung congestion in heart failure: A randomized, controlled pilot trial","volume":"22","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/ejhf.2930","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/25\/9\/1593\/65559725\/eurjhf_25_9_1593.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/25\/9\/1593\/65559725\/eurjhf_25_9_1593.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:13:25Z","timestamp":1767982405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article\/25\/9\/1593\/8341899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.2930","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}