{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T19:35:22Z","timestamp":1778614522775,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22ek0109543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ek0109543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22K16147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K16147"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22K16152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K16152"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22ek0109543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ek0109543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on the clinical features and prognosis of patients with isolated cardiac sarcoidosis (iCS) are limited. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of iCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a secondary analysis of the ILLUMINATE-CS study, a multicentre, retrospective registry investigating the clinical characteristics and prognosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. iCS was diagnosed according to the 2016 Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) guidelines. Clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared between patients with iCS and systemic cardiac sarcoidosis (sCS). The primary outcome was a combined endpoint of all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure, or fatal ventricular arrhythmia events. Among 475 patients with CS (mean age, 62.0\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years; female ratio, 59%) diagnosed by the JCS guidelines, 119 (25.1%) were diagnosed with iCS. Patients with iCS had a higher prevalence of a history of atrial fibrillation or hospitalization for heart failure, or lower left ventricular ejection fraction than those with sCS. During a median follow-up of 42.3 (interquartile range, 22.8\u201372.5) months, 141 primary outcomes (29.7%) occurred. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that iCS was a significant risk factor for the primary outcome in the unadjusted model (hazard ratio [HR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12\u20132.34; p\u2009=\u20090.011). However, this association was not retained after adjustment for other covariates (adjusted HR 1.27; 95% CI 0.86\u20131.88; p\u2009=\u20090.226).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with iCS had more impaired cardiovascular function at the time of diagnosis than those with sCS. However, iCS was not independently associated with poor prognosis after adjustment for prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T04:24:38Z","timestamp":1697084678000},"page":"77-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Isolated Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Insights from the ILLUMINATE-CS Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Daichi","family":"Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Matsue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taishi","family":"Dotare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Sunayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Iso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kameda Medical Center , Chiba ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeru","family":"Nabeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden ,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Naruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kitai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Nankoku ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Minamino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2101555","article-title":"Challenges of sarcoidosis and its management","volume":"385","author":"Drent","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-316442","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: State-of-the-art review","volume":"107","author":"Kouranos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321379","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"109","author":"Sohn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac323","article-title":"Risk stratification of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis: The ILLUMINATE-CS registry","volume":"43","author":"Nabeta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2021.10.022","article-title":"Fragmented QRS as a predictor of cardiac events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"79","author":"Ogura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.07.015","article-title":"Association between right ventricular longitudinal strain and cardiovascular events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"80","author":"Albakaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0508","article-title":"JCS 2016 Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis \u2013 digest version","volume":"83","author":"Terasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12853","article-title":"Diagnosis of isolated cardiac sarcoidosis based on new guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Kawai","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-022-03106-1","article-title":"FDG uptake patterns in isolated and systemic cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"30","author":"Kaneko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025565","article-title":"Utility of updated Japanese Circulation Society Guidelines to diagnose isolated cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"11","author":"Sato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-022-03034-0","article-title":"Clinical features and prognosis of isolated cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosed using new guidelines with dedicated FDG PET\/CT","volume":"30","author":"Okada","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.10.150","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of patients with isolated cardiac sarcoidosis confirmed by clinical diagnostic criteria","volume":"345","author":"Takaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-320932","article-title":"Comparisons between biopsy-proven versus clinically diagnosed cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"108","author":"Kitai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025803","article-title":"The prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis without heart failure: Insights from ILLUMINATE-CS","volume":"11","author":"Miyakuni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0402.102975","article-title":"Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association","volume":"105","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclcard.2006.08.009","article-title":"Positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion and glucose metabolism imaging","volume":"13","author":"Machac","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2018","article-title":"Standardized definitions for evaluation of heart failure therapies: Scientific expert panel from the Heart Failure Collaboratory and Academic Research Consortium","volume":"22","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.204","article-title":"How common is isolated cardiac sarcoidosis? Extra-cardiac and cardiac findings on clinical examination and whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography","volume":"253","author":"Juneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.07.007","article-title":"The utility of whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT in diagnosing isolated cardiac sarcoidosis: The Western Australian Cardiac Sarcoid study","volume":"29","author":"Giudicatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.12.005","article-title":"Insights into biopsy-proven cardiac sarcoidosis in patients with heart failure","volume":"35","author":"Sperry","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020190140","article-title":"Utility of FDG PET and cardiac MRI in diagnosis and monitoring of immunosuppressive treatment in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"2","author":"Coulden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.851352","article-title":"Detection of myocardial damage in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"120","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2023.04.007","article-title":"Prognostic implication of the resolution of myocardial FDG uptake in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"3","author":"Okabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058120","article-title":"Incidence of sudden cardiac death and life-threatening arrhythmias in clinically manifest cardiac sarcoidosis with and without current indications for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator","volume":"146","author":"Nordenswan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.043","article-title":"HRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"11","author":"Birnie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026010913074406300_ejhf3056-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.115121","article-title":"Advanced imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"55","author":"Schatka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/77\/65513778\/eurjhf_26_1_77.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/77\/65513778\/eurjhf_26_1_77.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:09:33Z","timestamp":1767982173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article\/26\/1\/77\/8328869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.3056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}