{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:43:36Z","timestamp":1791873816508,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":437,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the changes in retinal microvasculature by contemporary imaging techniques during episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and following recompensation compared to age-matched controls without known cardiac or retinal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of ADHF, regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and treated with a minimum dose of 40\u2009mg of intravenous furosemide or equivalent were included. Transthoracic echocardiography was conducted in all patients. Eye examinations were performed out within the initial 24\u2009h after admission and after recompensation before discharge. All eyes underwent a general examination, including a best corrected visual acuity test, dilated fundoscopy, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as OCT angiography (OCT-A). In addition, 40 participants without documented cardiac or retinal diseases served as controls. Forty patients with ADHF (mean age 78.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.8\u2009years; 32% female) with a mean LVEF of 43\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8% were included. All patients were treated with intravenous diuretics for a median of 4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009days. There was a significant reduction in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide from baseline up to discharge (10\u2009396 [interquartile range 6410] vs. 6380 [interquartile range 3933] pg\/ml, p\u2009\u2264\u20090.001) and inferior vena cava diameters (2.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 vs. 1.63\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 cm, p\u2009=\u20090.003). Compared to the control group, patients with ADHF showed on admission impaired visual acuity (0.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 vs. 0.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 logMAR, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), reduced macular vessel density (18.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 vs. 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6\u2009mm\/mm2, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and perfusion density (42.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2 vs. 35.2\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7%, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). After recompensation, the mean overall vessel density and mean overall perfusion density were markedly increased at discharge (14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6 vs. 19.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009mm\/mm2, p\u2009=\u20090.001, and 35.2\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7 vs. 39.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5%, p\u2009=\u20090.005, respectively). The mean diameter of the superior temporal retinal vein at admission was significantly larger compared to the control group (136\u2009\u00b1\u200919 vs. 124\u2009\u00b1\u200922\u2009\u03bcm, p\u2009=\u20090.008) and decreased significantly to 122\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009\u03bcm at discharge (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis revealed a remarkable reversible change in retinal microvasculature after ADHF. This could provide a valuable evidence for use of OCT-A in the assessment of overall microperfusion and haemodynamic status in patients with acute heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T23:39:32Z","timestamp":1727221172000},"page":"2421-2430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cardio-Ocular Syndrome: Retinal Microvascular Changes in Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Amr","family":"Abdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa Din","family":"Abdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Merone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wissam","family":"Aljundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Haring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaser","family":"Abu Dail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Mahfoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insa","family":"Emrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussam","family":"Al Ghorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa Wilma","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg 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