{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:41:29Z","timestamp":1793810489495,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Italian Ministry of Health","award":["Ricerca Corrente 20\/1819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 20\/1819"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This clinical consensus statement revisits the role of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as a measurement of cardiac function, a prognostic marker and a major criterion to classify patients with heart failure, and gives new advice for clinical practice. Heart failure is traditionally classified on the basis of LVEF thresholds and this has major implications for treatment recommendations. However, the reproducibility of LVEF measurement is poor and its prognostic and diagnostic value lessens when it is above 45%, with no relationship with the severity of either cardiac dysfunction or outcomes at higher values. These limitations dictate the need for a more comprehensive approach to classify and assess heart failure focusing more on the trajectory of LVEF rather than to its absolute value. Furthermore, the assessment of LVEF is not required for the initiation of treatments like sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and diuretics in patients with suspected de novo heart failure and elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Future research utilizing advanced imaging techniques and biomarkers which can better characterize myocardial structure, metabolism and performance may facilitate the identification of alternative therapeutic targets and better ways to monitor heart failure therapies across the entire spectrum of LVEF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T05:25:55Z","timestamp":1745299555000},"page":"1174-1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["The Use of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC, the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA), and the Japanese Heart Failure Society (JHFS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe M.C.","family":"Rosano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Open University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Cardiology, San Raffaele Cassino Hospital , Cassino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Teerlink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kinugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toyama , Toyama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Bayes-Genis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, CIBERCV , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Chioncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u2018Prof. C.C. Iliescu\u2019 , Bucharest ,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah Hospital , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego , San Diego, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrien E.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruhiko","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toyama , Toyama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Inomata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Hospital , Porto ,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anekwe","family":"Onwuanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grady Memorial Hospital , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Medical School , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Savarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Sweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tottori University , Yonago ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Metra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brescia , Brescia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.S.","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick , Coventry ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0001","volume-title":"Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment in Heart Affections","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1918"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025795","article-title":"Ejection fraction: Misunderstood and overrated (changing the paradigm in categorizing heart failure)","volume":"135","author":"Konstam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.01.022","article-title":"Universal definition and classification of heart failure: A report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure","volume":"27","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250502","article-title":"A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"Cohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)","volume":"316","author":"CONSENSUS Trial Study Group","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90842-O","article-title":"Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) \u2013 rationale, design and methods: Two trials that evaluate the effect of enalapril in patients with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"66","author":"SOLVD Investigators","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft052","article-title":"Dual angiotensin receptor and neprilysin inhibition as an alternative to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: Rationale for and design of the Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure trial (PARADIGM-HF)","volume":"15","author":"McMurray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032257","article-title":"Usefulness of heart failure categories based on left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"13","author":"Christersson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01464-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and heart failure","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1961","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Myocyte, interstitium, microvascular, and metabolic abnormalities","volume":"22","author":"Quarta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-022-02618-8","article-title":"The variability of 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography applied in a general population: Intermodality, inter- and intraobserver variability","volume":"38","author":"Lyng Lindgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-023-02796-z","article-title":"A graphical analysis of aspects contributing to the spreading of measurements of left ventricular function","volume":"39","author":"Knackstedt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.06.018","article-title":"Systematic quantification of sources of variation in ejection fraction calculation using deep learning","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561423","article-title":"Influence of ejection fraction on cardiovascular outcomes in a broad spectrum of heart failure patients","volume":"112","author":"Solomon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1456","article-title":"Variability in ejection fraction measured by echocardiography, gated single-photon emission computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"1","author":"Pellikka","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.035","article-title":"Reproducibility of echocardiographic techniques for sequential assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes: Application to patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy","volume":"61","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.08.023","article-title":"2D and 3D echocardiography-derived indices of left ventricular function and shape: Relationship with mortality","volume":"11","author":"Medvedofsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12331","article-title":"Left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes: It depends on the imaging method","volume":"31","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn484","article-title":"Left ventricular volume measurement with echocardiography: A comparison of left ventricular opacification, three-dimensional echocardiography, or both with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"30","author":"Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(60)90359-8","article-title":"The use of biplane angiocardigraphy for the measurement of left ventricular volume in man","volume":"60","author":"Dodge","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.11.017","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular function by echocardiography: The case for routinely adding global longitudinal strain to ejection fraction","volume":"11","author":"Potter","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.0052","article-title":"Myocardial strain in the assessment of patients with heart failure: A review","volume":"4","author":"Marwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3036","article-title":"Practical algorithms for early diagnosis of heart failure and heart stress using NT-proBNP: A clinical consensus statement from the Heart Failure Association of the ESC","volume":"25","author":"Bayes-Genis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2333","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"24","author":"McDonagh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-21-0431","article-title":"JCS\/JHFS 2021 Guideline focused update on diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"85","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2161","article-title":"Change in ejection fraction and long-term mortality in adults referred for echocardiography","volume":"23","author":"Strange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.11.019","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic implications of longitudinal ejection fraction change in heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Savarese","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.807","article-title":"Characterization of heart failure patients with mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction \u2013 a report from the CHART-2 study","volume":"19","author":"Tsuji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.945","article-title":"A comprehensive population-based characterization of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction","volume":"19","author":"Koh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.003875","article-title":"Significance of ischemic heart disease in patients with heart failure and preserved, midrange, and reduced ejection fraction: A nationwide cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Vedin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.064","article-title":"Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with preserved systolic function hospitalized for heart failure: A report from the OPTIMIZE-HF registry","volume":"50","author":"Fonarow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.954388","article-title":"Diastolic and systolic heart failure are distinct phenotypes within the heart failure spectrum","volume":"123","author":"Borlaug","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr254","article-title":"The survival of patients with heart failure with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: An individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Meta-analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00789-7","article-title":"The association of left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality, and cause of death in stable outpatients with heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Curtis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2695","article-title":"Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with acute heart failure with a supranormal left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"25","author":"Essen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2895","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure with supra-normal ejection fraction: Insight from the JROADHF study","volume":"25","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz550","article-title":"Routinely reported ejection fraction and mortality in clinical practice: Where does the nadir of risk lie?","volume":"41","author":"Wehner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2843","article-title":"Ventricular stiffening and chamber contracture in heart failure with higher ejection fraction","volume":"25","author":"Popovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1776","article-title":"Interactions between left ventricular ejection fraction, sex and effect of neurohumoral modulators in heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Dewan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2482","article-title":"Genetic and phenotypic profiling of supranormal ejection fraction reveals decreased survival and underdiagnosed heart failure","volume":"24","author":"Forrest","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1149","article-title":"Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction in CHARM: Characteristics, outcomes and effect of candesartan across the entire ejection fraction spectrum","volume":"20","author":"Lund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(99)00039-2","article-title":"Perindopril for elderly people with chronic heart failure: The PEP-CHF study","volume":"1","author":"Cleland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure","volume":"371","author":"McMurray","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi115","article-title":"Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS)","volume":"26","author":"Flather","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0045","volume-title":"Cardiac contractility modulation device implantation for heart failure. Interventional procedures guidance. IPG655, 26 June 2019","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31824-9","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials","volume":"396","author":"Zannad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.001","article-title":"Heart rate and rhythm and the benefit of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure","volume":"69","author":"Kotecha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-13-0187","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome in hospitalized heart failure in Japan (from the ATTEND Registry)","volume":"77","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908655","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"Solomon","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044586","article-title":"Sacubitril\/valsartan across the spectrum of ejection fraction in heart failure","volume":"141","author":"Solomon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915928","article-title":"Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"382","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022190","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure","volume":"383","author":"Anker","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038","article-title":"Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction","volume":"385","author":"Anker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059785","article-title":"Empagliflozin for heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction with and without diabetes","volume":"146","author":"Filippatos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206286","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction","volume":"387","author":"Solomon","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01429-5","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: A comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials","volume":"400","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030183","article-title":"Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure","volume":"384","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407107","article-title":"Finerenone in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction","volume":"391","author":"Solomon","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01733-1","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure: An individual patient level meta-analysis","volume":"404","author":"Jhund","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.02.006","article-title":"Baroreflex activation therapy for the treatment of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction","volume":"3","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.015","article-title":"Baroreflex activation therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"76","author":"Zile","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080801433531200_ejhf3646-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.04.010","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation","volume":"6","author":"Abraham","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/27\/7\/1174\/66814653\/eurjhf_27_7_1174.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/27\/7\/1174\/66814653\/eurjhf_27_7_1174.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T05:43:50Z","timestamp":1786167830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article\/27\/7\/1174\/8468370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.3646","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}