{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:10:48Z","timestamp":1792181448651,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":275,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005970","name":"Deutsche Stiftung f\u00fcr Herzforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Braukmann-Wittenberg-Herzstiftung"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005970","name":"Deutsche Stiftung f\u00fcr Herzforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report presents the baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the DIGIT-HF trial and compares them with participants from recent trials with improved outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DIGIT-HF, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial enrolling patients with symptomatic HFrEF (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class II and left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] \u226430%, or NYHA class III\u2013IV and LVEF \u226440%), compares the efficacy and safety of digitoxin versus placebo in addition to standard treatment. Most baseline characteristics of the intention-to-treat population (1212 patients, mean age 66\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009years, 20% women, mean LVEF 29\u2009\u00b1\u20097%) were similar to those in recent HFrEF trials. The distribution of NYHA class II, III, and IV was 30%, 66% and 4%, respectively, and indicates that the patients were sicker than in comparator HFrEF trials. Less patients had atrial fibrillation (27%) than those in recent HFrEF trials, but prescription rates of background therapy with beta-blockers (96%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers\/angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibitors (95%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (76%), and diuretics (87%) were high and similar. Overall, 40% of patients were on angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibitors, 19% on sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and 9% on ivabradine. Rates of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD, 64%) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT, 25%) devices were much higher than in recent HFrEF trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients included in DIGIT-HF display a more severe HF symptom burden and higher rates of ICD\/CRT implants compared to participants in recent HFrEF trials, while pharmacotherapy was largely similar.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Trial Registration: EudraCT (2013\u2013005326-38).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T04:49:19Z","timestamp":1747716559000},"page":"1224-1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["DIGitoxin to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Chronic Heart Failure (DIGIT-HF): Baseline Characteristics Compared to Recent Randomized Controlled Heart Failure Trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Udo","family":"Bavendiek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nele Henrike","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Berliner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University , Nuremberg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"MVZ Kardiologie, Klinikum Neumarkt , Neumarkt ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Rieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars S.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Schallhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Rathje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea-Andrei","family":"Sandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Welf","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Herzzentrum Dresden, University Clinic, Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hambrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Links der Weser , Bremen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Zdravkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic 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,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Scheiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty , Duesseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Moritz","family":"Becher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg 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, Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Trials, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Seltmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Trials, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"von der Leyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orgenesis, Inc , Germantown, MD ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Veltmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Center for Electrophysiology Bremen , Bremen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"St\u00f6rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Clinical Research & Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center W\u00fcrzburg, and Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin III, HOMICAREM (HOMburg Institute for CArdioREnalMetabolic Medicine), Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University , Homburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School , Hannover 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