{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:08:33Z","timestamp":1790039313385,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":266,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heart failure\u2013related cardiogenic shock (HF-CS) accounts for about half of CS cases, with a paucity of data regarding the role of kidney injury in this subset. This study aims to evaluate patient characteristics and outcome associated with renal function in patients with HF-CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicentre, international, retrospective study, patients with HF-CS from 16 tertiary care centres in five countries were enrolled between 2010 and 2021. To investigate differences in clinical presentation, complications, and 30-day mortality, based on renal function, adjusted logistic and Cox regression models were fitted. Among 1010 HF-CS patients, the median age was 64 (interquartile range [IQR] 52\u201375) years, with 71.7% being male. Median baseline creatinine was 1.7 (IQR 1.2\u20132.5) mg\/dl, corresponding to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 41.0 (IQR 25.2\u201362.2) ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m2. In patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), 30-day mortality increased with AKI stages (no AKI 41.7%, AKI stage 1 43.3%, AKI stage 2 50.0%, AKI stage 3 63.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for AKI stage 3 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56\u20132.48, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Similarly, severe renal dysfunction (eGFR \u2264 median) was associated with a 21% higher 30-day mortality risk (61.0% vs. 40.1%; adjusted HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.20\u20131.84, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Sepsis and bleeding were associated with both AKI and renal dysfunction, even after adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In HF-CS, kidney injury is associated with higher 30-day mortality, potentially mediated by bleeding and sepsis. These findings support the consideration of kidney function as a prognostic marker and call for the development and evaluation of kidney-restoring adjunct interventions in HF-CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T20:17:18Z","timestamp":1748463438000},"page":"2397-2409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Kidney Injury in Patients with Heart Failure-Related Cardiogenic Shock: Results from an International, Multicentre Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0076-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Sundermeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt N.","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Besch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Dettling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia Fausta","family":"Bertoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS , Rozzano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Blankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Dauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital , Aalst ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Eckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University N\u00fcrnberg , N\u00fcrnberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Eitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , L\u00fcbeck ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , L\u00fcbeck ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Jozwiak-Nozdrzykowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Science , Leipzig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulus","family":"Kirchhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kluge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Linke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Landmesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"L\u00fcsebrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Majunke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Science , Leipzig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Mangner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven M\u00f6bius","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nordbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Orban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo , Alessandria ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Pauschinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University N\u00fcrnberg , N\u00fcrnberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Pazdernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IKEM , Prague ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair","family":"Proudfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perioperative Medicine, St. Bartholomew's Hospital , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kelham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perioperative Medicine, St. Bartholomew's Hospital , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tienush","family":"Rassaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen , Essen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Reichenspurner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Christian","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.G.","family":"Schwinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik II, Kliniken Nordoberpfalz AG , Weiden ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Skurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Sramko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IKEM , Prague ,","place":["Czech 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,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuccia","family":"Morici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi, ONLUS, Santa Maria Nascente , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ephraim B.","family":"Winzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Westermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Schrage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021721500646200_ejhf3701-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021721500646200_ejhf3701-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.01.018","article-title":"SCAI SHOCK stage classification expert consensus update: A review and incorporation of validation studies: This statement was endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American 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