{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:27:29Z","timestamp":1784287649096,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL128526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL128526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL162828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL162828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL160226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL160226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2210245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2210245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2210245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2210245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oxygen consumption at peak exercise is widely used to assess functional impairment in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but few patients exercise to this intensity in daily living. Alternative metrics that quantify submaximal fitness may provide more patient-centred evaluations, but the pathophysiology of submaximal exercise intolerance in HFpEF is unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with HFpEF underwent invasive haemodynamic cardiopulmonary exercise testing with blood lactate measurement during exercise to volitional fatigue. Lactate threshold (LT) was defined as the exercise workload at which arterial lactate exceeded &amp;gt;2.0\u2009mmol\/L, taken as a measure of submaximal fitness. Of patients with HFpEF (n\u2009=\u2009286), 194 (68%) reached LT at a workload of 40\u2009W or less (LT\u2009\u226440\u2009W), while 92 (32%) reached a workload exceeding 40\u2009W at LT (LT\u2009&amp;gt;40\u2009W). As compared to LT\u2009&amp;gt;40\u2009W, patients with LT\u2009\u226440\u2009W were more likely to be female, anaemic, and had greater pulmonary vascular disease (all p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). During 20\u2009W exercise, participants with LT\u2009\u226440\u2009W had higher pulmonary artery pressure, biventricular filling pressures, minute ventilation and respiratory drive, higher perceived dyspnoea and fatigue ratings, greater arterial\u2013venous oxygen content difference, despite similar cardiac output and oxygen delivery. At peak exercise, most of these differences were no longer apparent. Findings were replicated using non-invasively-measured workload at ventilatory threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-thirds of patients with HFpEF reach LT at workloads typical of activities of daily living. Patients with HFpEF and impaired submaximal fitness are more likely to be female, have greater pulmonary vascular disease and anaemia severity, and display greater haemodynamic, symptomatic, and ventilatory control abnormalities during low-level exercise, which are not apparent at maximal exertion. These findings have therapeutic implications and suggest a potentially important role for wider evaluation of submaximal fitness in addition to peak aerobic capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T22:21:03Z","timestamp":1750285263000},"page":"3193-3204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Determinants of Submaximal Exercise Intolerance in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights from the Lactate Threshold"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Doi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonari","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jwan A.","family":"Naser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Ibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh N.V.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry A.","family":"Borlaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.01.049","article-title":"Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: JACC scientific statement","volume":"81","author":"Borlaug","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.2020","article-title":"Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A review","volume":"329","author":"Redfield","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.014","article-title":"Exercise intolerance in older adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"78","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.03.003","article-title":"Hemodynamic correlates and diagnostic role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"6","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.03.008","article-title":"Impaired exercise tolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Quantification of multiorgan system reserve capacity","volume":"8","author":"Nayor","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.07.051","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the clinical and prognostic assessment of diastolic heart failure","volume":"46","author":"Guazzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2747","article-title":"Central haemodynamic abnormalities and outcome in patients with unexplained dyspnoea","volume":"25","author":"Omote","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1930.sp002646","article-title":"Alterations in the lactic acid content of the blood as a result of light exercise, and associated changes in the CO2-combining power of the blood and in the alveolar CO2 pressure","volume":"69","author":"Owles","year":"1930","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.1.71","article-title":"Interaction of physiological mechanisms during exercise","volume":"22","author":"Wasserman","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0010","first-page":"II14","article-title":"Gas exchange theory and the lactic acidosis (anaerobic) threshold","volume":"81","author":"Wasserman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3795-6","article-title":"Lactate metabolism: Historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding","volume":"118","author":"Ferguson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279963","article-title":"The anaerobic threshold: 50+ years of controversy","volume":"599","author":"Poole","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.12.015","article-title":"An integrative perspective of the anaerobic threshold","volume":"205","author":"Sales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.001420","article-title":"Exercise training as therapy for heart failure: Current status and future directions","volume":"8","author":"Fleg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz641","article-title":"How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"40","author":"Pieske","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065134","article-title":"Cardiac and metabolic effects of dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The CAMEO-DAPA trial","volume":"148","author":"Borlaug","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw241","article-title":"Abnormal right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling with exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"37","author":"Borlaug","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2930","article-title":"Hypoxaemia in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"25","author":"Omar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.6.1936","article-title":"Improved detection of lactate threshold during exercise using a log-log transformation","volume":"59","author":"Beaver","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e328304fed4","article-title":"Methodological approach to the first and second lactate threshold in incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing","volume":"15","author":"Binder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy268","article-title":"Haemodynamics, dyspnoea, and pulmonary reserve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"39","author":"Obokata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826fb946","article-title":"EACPR\/AHA Scientific Statement. Clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations","volume":"126","author":"Guazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e694","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000406","article-title":"2016 Focused update: Clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations","volume":"133","author":"Guazzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006729","article-title":"Clinical and hemodynamic associations and prognostic implications of ventilatory efficiency in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function","volume":"13","author":"Nayor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.003878","article-title":"Accelerometer-measured daily activity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Clinical correlates and association with standard heart failure severity indices","volume":"10","author":"Snipelisky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1788","article-title":"Quality of life in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Importance of obesity, functional capacity, and physical inactivity","volume":"22","author":"Reddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01536-x","article-title":"The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A multicenter randomized trial","volume":"27","author":"Nassif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012349","article-title":"Effect of dapagliflozin on accelerometer-based measures of physical activity in patients with heart failure: An analysis of the DETERMINE trials","volume":"17","author":"Docherty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.11.039","article-title":"Higher work of breathing during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"163","author":"Villarraga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5027","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad235","article-title":"Mechanisms of enhanced renal and hepatic erythropoietin synthesis by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors","volume":"44","author":"Packer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.1914","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and right ventricular-pulmonary vascular interaction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Reddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.068788","article-title":"Dapagliflozin enhances arterial and venous compliance during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Insights from the CAMEO-DAPA trial","volume":"150","author":"Tada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg028","article-title":"The spectrum of exercise tolerance in mitochondrial myopathies: A study of 40 patients","volume":"126","author":"Taivassalo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr133","article-title":"Abnormal haemodynamic response to exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"13","author":"Bhella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2843","article-title":"Ventricular stiffening and chamber contracture in heart failure with higher ejection fraction","volume":"25","author":"Popovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.67","article-title":"Sex-specific cardiovascular structure and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"16","author":"Gori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.970061","article-title":"Sex differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: The Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (I-PRESERVE) trial","volume":"5","author":"Lam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.06.001","article-title":"Efficacy of semaglutide by sex in obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: STEP-HFpEF trials","volume":"84","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541078","article-title":"Age- and gender-related ventricular-vascular stiffening: A community-based study","volume":"112","author":"Redfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa823","article-title":"Pathophysiologic importance of visceral adipose tissue in women with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"42","author":"Sorimachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.10.012","article-title":"Characterization of health-related quality of life in heart failure patients with preserved versus low ejection fraction in CHARM","volume":"9","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.01.003","article-title":"Sex differences in outcomes and responses to spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A secondary analysis of TOPCAT trial","volume":"7","author":"Merrill","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19094946","article-title":"Sex differences in VO2max and the impact on endurance-exercise performance","volume":"19","author":"Santisteban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.585267","article-title":"Factors influencing running velocity at lactate threshold in male and female runners at different levels of performance","volume":"11","author":"Stoa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(64)90012-8","article-title":"Detecting the threshold of anaerobic metabolism in cardiac patients during exercise","volume":"14","author":"Wasserman","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021721521944400_ejhf3729-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.0675","article-title":"Rate-adaptive atrial pacing for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The RAPID-HF randomized clinical trial","volume":"329","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/27\/12\/3193\/66836782\/eurjhf_27_12_3193.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/27\/12\/3193\/66836782\/eurjhf_27_12_3193.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T02:52:36Z","timestamp":1771383156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article\/27\/12\/3193\/8470666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.3729","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}