{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:07:55Z","timestamp":1791446875219,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3764,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015002","name":"Relypsa, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the effects of patiromer, a potassium (K+)-binding polymer, in a pre-specified analysis of hyperkalaemic patients with heart failure (HF) in the OPAL-HK trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) with serum K+ levels \u22655.1 mEq\/L to &amp;lt;6.5 mEq\/L (n = 243) received patiromer (4.2 g or 8.4 g BID initially) for 4 weeks (initial treatment phase); the primary efficacy endpoint was mean change in serum K+ from baseline to week 4. Eligible patients (those with baseline K+ \u22655.5 mEq\/L to &amp;lt;6.5 mEq\/L and levels \u22653.8 mEq\/L to &amp;lt;5.1 mEq\/L at the end of week 4) entered an 8-week randomized withdrawal phase and were randomly assigned to continue patiromer or switch to placebo; the primary efficacy endpoint was the between-group difference in median change in the serum K+ over the first 4 weeks of that phase. One hundred and two patients (42%) had heart failure (HF). The mean [\u00b1 standard error (SE)] change in serum K+ from baseline to week 4 was \u22121.06 \u00b1 0.05 mEq\/L [95% confidence interval (CI), \u22121.16,\u22120.95; P &amp;lt; 0.001]; 76% (95% CI, 69,84) achieved serum K+, 3.8 mEq\/L to &amp;lt;5.1 mEq\/L. In the randomized withdrawal phase, the median increase in serum K+ from baseline of that phase was greater with placebo (n = 22) than patiromer (n = 27) (P &amp;lt; 0.001); recurrent hyperkalaemia (serum K+, \u22655.5 mEq\/L) occurred in 52% on placebo and 8% on patiromer (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Mild-to-moderate constipation was the most common adverse event (11%); hypokalaemia occurred in 3%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with CKD and HF who were hyperkalaemic on RAASi, patiromer was well tolerated, decreased serum K+, and, compared with placebo, reduced recurrent hyperkalaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T16:01:38Z","timestamp":1444752098000},"page":"1057-1065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Effect of Patiromer on Reducing Serum Potassium and Preventing Recurrent Hyperkalaemia in Patients with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease on Raas Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bertram","family":"Pitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine , 1500 East Medical Center Drive , Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0366 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George L.","family":"Bakris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bushinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahlia","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Relypsa, Inc. , Redwood City, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha R.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Relypsa, Inc. , Redwood City, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Stasiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Relypsa, Inc. , Redwood City, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Christ-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Collaborative, Inc. , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Relypsa, Inc. , Redwood City, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011921100955300_ejhf402-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. 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