{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:58:03Z","timestamp":1771628283518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Society of Cardiology and European Union"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for heart failure, but evidence regarding BMI in acute heart failure (AHF) remains inconclusive. We sought to compare the clinical profile, treatment and in-hospital outcome across BMI categories in a large international AHF cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Acute Heart Failure Global Survey of Standard Treatment (ALARM-HF) is a retrospective survey on 4953 patients admitted for AHF from nine countries in Europe, Latin America, and Australia. Patients with unavailable BMI data or BMI &amp;lt;18.5\u2009kg\/m2 were excluded. Clinical data and in-hospital mortality were compared among the following BMI categories: 18.5\u201324.9\u2009kg\/m2 (normal weight), 25\u201329.9\u2009kg\/m2 (overweight) and \u226530\u2009kg\/m2 (obese).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight\/obese patients represented 75.7% of patients and had worse New York Heart Association class (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and higher admission systolic blood pressure (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The prevalence of comorbidities increased in parallel with BMI and included arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia (all P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P\u2009=\u20090.041) and chronic kidney disease (P\u2009=\u20090.056). Use of guideline-recommended medications also increased in parallel with BMI (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin II receptor blockers, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; \u03b2-blockers P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; mineralocorticoid receptors antagonist, P\u2009=\u20090.002). In-hospital mortality had a U-shaped relationship with BMI, with overweight patients having significantly lower rate (log-rank P\u2009=\u20090.027); this relationship vanished after adjustment for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight\/obese patients represented the vast majority of AHF cases, had a higher prevalence of non-cardiovascular comorbidities and were more likely to receive guideline-recommended medications. The U-shaped relationship between in-hospital mortality and BMI may be explained by differences in clinical profile and treatment and not by an effect of body composition per se.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T01:25:00Z","timestamp":1453944300000},"page":"298-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Body Mass Index in Acute Heart Failure: Association with Clinical Profile, Therapeutic Management and in-Hospital Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Parissis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Farmakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Kadoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ikonomidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterini","family":"Fountoulaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erifili","family":"Hatziagelaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Deftereos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Follath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mebazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisi\u00e8re University Hospital , Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lekakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerasimos","family":"Filippatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital , 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011721134537000_ejhf489-bib-0001","article-title":"Temporal trends in epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of acute heart failure: results from the Greek 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