{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:45:41Z","timestamp":1790214341778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]],"date-time":"2016-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is entering a phase of intense translational research that holds promise for major advances in disease-specific pharmacological therapy. For over 50\u2009years, however, HCM has largely remained an orphan disease, and patients are still treated with old drugs developed for other conditions. While judicious use of the available armamentarium may control the clinical manifestations of HCM in most patients, specific experience is required in challenging situations, including deciding when not to treat. The present review revisits the time-honoured therapies available for HCM, in a practical perspective reflecting real-world scenarios. Specific agents are presented with doses, titration strategies, pros and cons. Peculiar HCM dilemmas such as treatment of dynamic outflow obstruction, heart failure caused by end-stage progression and prevention of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias are assessed. In the near future, the field of HCM drug therapy will rapidly expand, based on ongoing efforts. Approaches such as myocardial metabolic modulation, late sodium current inhibition and allosteric myosin inhibition have moved from pre-clinical to clinical research, and reflect a surge of scientific as well as economic interest by academia and industry alike. These exciting developments, and their implications for future research, are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]],"date-time":"2016-04-24T23:27:03Z","timestamp":1461540423000},"page":"1106-1118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Current Practice and Novel Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ammirati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"De Gasperis Cardio Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Contri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Coppini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital , Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital , Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Frigerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De Gasperis Cardio Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Olivotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital , Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00965.x","article-title":"Genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: From bench to the clinics","volume":"19","author":"Alcalai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.05.088","article-title":"Frequency and clinical expression of cardiac troponin I mutations in 748 consecutive families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"44","author":"Mogensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.10.1308","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review","volume":"287","author":"Maron","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00855-6","article-title":"Clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with survival to advanced age","volume":"42","author":"Maron","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.019","article-title":"New perspectives on the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"65","author":"Semsarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e858","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591982","article-title":"A contemporary approach to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"113","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.002411","article-title":"Prediction of sarcomere mutations in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"7","author":"Captur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs150","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment options for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: High time for evidence","volume":"33","author":"Spoladore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0009","first-page":"123","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The INHERIT randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet","volume":"3","author":"Axelsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.08.003","article-title":"Diltiazem treatment for pre-clinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sarcomere mutation carriers: a pilot randomized trial to modify disease expression","volume":"3","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu284","article-title":"2014 ESC guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The task force for the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"35","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0012","first-page":"e783","article-title":"2011 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines","volume":"124","author":"Gersh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.967026","article-title":"Patterns of disease progression in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an individualized approach to clinical staging","volume":"5","author":"Olivotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001843","article-title":"Clinical spectrum, therapeutic options, and outcome of advanced heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Pasqualucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.003","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine","volume":"64","author":"Maron","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304908","article-title":"Exercise capacity and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"100","author":"Azarbal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.11.011","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary responses and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A potential role for comprehensive noninvasive hemodynamic assessment","volume":"3","author":"Finocchiaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.072","article-title":"The case for myocardial ischemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"54","author":"Maron","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.798314","article-title":"Syncope and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"119","author":"Spirito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp298","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009)","volume":"30","author":"Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope; European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); Heart Failure Association (HFA); Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eum093","article-title":"Syncope in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and consequences for treatment","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.01.435","article-title":"Risk of sudden death and outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with benign presentation and without risk factors","volume":"113","author":"Spirito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-301996","article-title":"Prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"100","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021332","article-title":"Effect of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction on clinical outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"348","author":"Maron","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht439","article-title":"A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-SCD)","volume":"35","author":"Jichi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011580","article-title":"Surgical septal myectomy versus alcohol septal ablation: assessing the status of the controversy in 2014","volume":"130","author":"Maron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.35.5.847","article-title":"Amelioration of angina pectoris in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with beta-adrenergic blockade","volume":"35","author":"Cohen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.44.5.488","article-title":"Effects of propranolol on myocardial oxygen consumption, substrate extraction, and haemodynamics in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy","volume":"44","author":"Thompson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.04.051","article-title":"Beta blockers for prevention of exercise-induced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"110","author":"Nistri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.012","article-title":"Multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of disopyramide in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"45","author":"Sherrid","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000122","article-title":"Treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms and gradient resistant to first-line therapy with beta-blockade or verapamil","volume":"6","author":"Sherrid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2012.04.003","article-title":"A primer of disopyramide treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"54","author":"Sherrid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2014.02.022","article-title":"Advances in medical treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"64","author":"Hamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.09.001","article-title":"Effects of losartan on left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"1","author":"Shimada","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.05.022","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor use in men with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"116","author":"Ruzek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.16.2132","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Prevalence, incidence, and indications for antibiotic prophylaxis","volume":"99","author":"Spirito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.050","article-title":"In defense of antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"54","author":"Maron","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62007-9","article-title":"Incidence of infective endocarditis in England, 2000\u201313: a secular trend, interrupted time-series analysis","volume":"385","author":"Dayer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.71.2.234","article-title":"Myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: contribution of inadequate vasodilator reserve and elevated left ventricular filling pressures","volume":"71","author":"Cannon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0040","first-page":"297","article-title":"Management of refractory symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with restrictive pathophysiology: novel perspectives for ranolazine","volume":"13","author":"Tomberli","year":"2012","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000097110.55312.BF","article-title":"Adverse prognosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who have epicardial coronary artery disease","volume":"108","author":"Sorajja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"33","author":"McMurray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.03.020","article-title":"Spectrum and clinical significance of systolic function and myocardial fibrosis assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"106","author":"Olivotto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.05.013","article-title":"Prognostic significance of left atrial size in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (from the italian registry for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)","volume":"98","author":"Nistri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304276","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Guttmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001002","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Prevalence, clinical correlations, and mortality in a large high-risk population","volume":"3","author":"Siontis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq013","article-title":"Efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: impact of age, atrial remodelling, and disease progression","volume":"12","author":"Di Donna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000339","article-title":"Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: long-term outcomes and mechanisms of arrhythmia recurrence","volume":"6","author":"Santangeli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.03.042","article-title":"Outcomes of nonpharmacologic treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Bassiouny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.316","article-title":"Prediction of thrombo-embolic risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-CVA)","volume":"17","author":"Guttmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.4.405","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"298","author":"Maron","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002553","article-title":"Validation of the 2014 european society of cardiology guidelines risk prediction model for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Vriesendorp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv079","article-title":"Comparison of the new risk prediction model (HCM risk-SCD) and classic risk factors for sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and defibrillator","volume":"18","author":"Ruiz-Salas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.05.047","article-title":"Independent assessment of the european society of cardiology sudden death risk model for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"116","author":"Maron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000202","article-title":"Role of imaging in evaluation of sudden cardiac death risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"30","author":"Geske","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007094","article-title":"Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"130","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.144","article-title":"Malignant effects of multiple rare variants in sarcomere genes on the prognosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.08.009","article-title":"Double or compound sarcomere mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a potential link to sudden death in the absence of conventional risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Maron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.969626","article-title":"Outcome and complications after implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Schinkel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.962043","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"O\u2018Mahony","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.03.014","article-title":"Long-term survival after cardiac arrest in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Maron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583500","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical profile, and significance of left ventricular remodeling in the end-stage phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"114","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000175883","article-title":"Effect of sotalol on arrhythmias and exercise tolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"82","author":"Tendera","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.4.331","article-title":"Prognostic value of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and the potential role of amiodarone treatment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment in an unselected non-referral based patient population","volume":"79","author":"Cecchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151","article-title":"2013 ESH\/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"34","author":"Mancia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.01.023","article-title":"Interactions between sleep disordered breathing and atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"105","author":"Konecny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.06.061","article-title":"Drink more, and eat less: advice in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"106","author":"Kansal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.242974","article-title":"Disease pathways and novel therapeutic targets in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"109","author":"Ashrafian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934059","article-title":"Metabolic modulator perhexiline corrects energy deficiency and improves exercise capacity in symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"122","author":"Abozguia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981464","article-title":"Perhexiline and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A new horizon for metabolic modulation","volume":"122","author":"Horowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0071","first-page":"222","article-title":"Regulation of intracellular Na(+) in health and disease: Pathophysiological mechanisms and implications for treatment","volume":"3","author":"Coppini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Cardiol Sci Pract"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.6.789","article-title":"Angiotensin II blockade reverses myocardial fibrosis in a transgenic mouse model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"103","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000177090.07296.ac","article-title":"Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy by atorvastatin in a transgenic rabbit model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"97","author":"Senthil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02349.x","article-title":"Atorvastatin and cardiac hypertrophy and function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Nagueh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.790501","article-title":"Resolution of established cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and prevention of systolic dysfunction in a transgenic rabbit model of human cardiomyopathy through thiol-sensitive mechanisms","volume":"119","author":"Lombardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1720","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00339.2015","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine reverses diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"309","author":"Wilder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026011721161435500_ejhf541-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140324","article-title":"The myosin mesa and a possible unifying hypothesis for the molecular basis of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"43","author":"Spudich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejhf.541","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/18\/9\/1106\/66382524\/eurjhf_18_9_1106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article-pdf\/18\/9\/1106\/66382524\/eurjhf_18_9_1106.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T02:17:01Z","timestamp":1768702621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/article\/18\/9\/1106\/8423176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.541","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]]}}}