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We investigated the relationship of body surface area (BSA) to mortality and hospitalizations in patients with chronic HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the outpatient cohort of the observational, prospective, Heart Failure Long-Term Registry of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology was analysed in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of BSA in chronic HF. A total of 9104 chronic HF patients (age 64.8 \u00b1 13.4 years; 71.6% males) were enrolled. Mortality during 1-year follow-up was observed in 718 of 8875 (8.1%) patients. A progressive, inverse relationship between all-cause mortality and BSA levels was observed; the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for 1-year mortality was 1.823 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.398\u20132.376], P &amp;lt; 0.001 for the lowest quartile of BSA &amp;lt;1.78 m2, and 1.255, 95% CI 1.000\u20131.576, P = 0.05 for the middle two quartiles (1.78 \u2264BSA \u22642.07 m2), compared with the highest quartile (BSA &amp;gt;2.07 m2). For each increase of 0.1 m2 in BSA, an adjusted HR of 0.908 (95% CI 0.870\u20130.948), P &amp;lt; 0.001 for mortality was calculated. HF hospitalizations were not associated with BSA subgroup distribution. In both genders, subjects within the lowest BSA quartile (males &amp;lt;1.84 m2 and females &amp;lt;1.64 m2) had significantly higher mortality rates during follow-up (log-rank P &amp;lt; 0.0001). However, the stepwise association with mortality was more distinct in males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total and cardiovascular mortality, but not HF hospitalizations was inversely associated with BSA levels in chronic HF patients. BSA may serve as a prognostic indicator for adverse outcome in HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,20]],"date-time":"2016-05-20T02:25:12Z","timestamp":1463711112000},"page":"859-868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Body Surface Area as a Prognostic Marker in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: Results from the Heart Failure Registry of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Barak","family":"Zafrir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center , Haifa ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeeh","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Poriya Medical Center , Tiberius ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University \u00a0","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Crespo-Leiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca Avanzada y Trasplante Cardiaco, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruna , CHUAC, La Coruna ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen (UMG) , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Australia, and University of Warwick , Coventry ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and LTTA Centre, University Hospital of Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital , GVM Care&Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerasimos","family":"Filippatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo P.","family":"Maggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURObservational Research Programme, European Society of Cardiology , Sophia-Antipolis ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mebazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot , Inserm 942, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo Francesco","family":"Piepoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Cardiac Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital , AUSL, Piacenza ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Ruschitzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Clinic and Transplantation, University Heart Center Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Paniagua-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca Avanzada y Trasplante Cardiaco, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruna , CHUAC, La Coruna ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Segovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure, Transplant and Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Laroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURObservational Research Programme, European Society of Cardiology , Sophia-Antipolis ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Offer","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Poriya Medical Center , Tiberius ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University 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