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Patients were stratified by presence of AFF on baseline ECG. NT-proBNP was measured longitudinally by a core laboratory at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. Compared with non-AFF patients, AFF patients experienced greater reduction from baseline in log-transformed NT-proBNP (interaction P &amp;lt; 0.001), but this difference was not significant after adjustment (interaction P = 0.726). The ability of aliskiren to lower NT-proBNP during follow-up differed by AFF status (interaction P = 0.001), with aliskiren lowering NT-proBNP more than placebo among non-AFF patients only. After adjustment, baseline AFF was not associated with mortality or HF hospitalization at 12 months (all P \u2265 0.152).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this hospitalized HF cohort, AFF status did not influence post-discharge NT-proBNP trajectory or clinical outcomes after adjustment for patient characteristics. Aliskiren lowered follow-up NT-proBNP levels in patients without AFF, but had no influence among patients with AFF. This study generates the hypothesis that the ability of a HF trial to meet an NT-proBNP defined endpoint may be influenced by the prevalence of AFF in the population. Because aliskiren did not improve outcomes in patients without AFF, this analysis suggests changes in NT-proBNP induced by investigational therapies may be dissociated from clinical effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T01:18:54Z","timestamp":1476667134000},"page":"552-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Influence of Atrial Fibrillation on Post-Discharge Natriuretic Peptide Trajectory and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure: Insights from the ASTRONAUT Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregg 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