{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:04:20Z","timestamp":1792782260097,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3369,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Barts and the London Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heart Cells Foundation, Barts, and the London Charity and Chugai Pharmaceuticals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of combined cytokine and cell therapy in ischaemic cardiomyopathy is unknown. Meta-analyses suggest improved cardiac function with cell therapy. The optimal cell delivery route remains unclear. We investigated whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or in combination with intracoronary (i.c.) or intramyocardial (i.m.) injection of autologous bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) improves cardiac function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety patients with symptomatic ischaemic cardiomyopathy and no further treatment options were enrolled in the randomized, placebo-controlled, single-centre REGENERATE-IHD study. Randomization was to one of three arms: peripheral, i.c., or i.m. In each arm, patients were randomized to active treatment or placebo. All patients, apart from the peripheral placebo group (saline only) received G-CSF for 5 days. The i.c. and i.m. arms received either BMCs or serum (placebo). The primary endpoint was change in LVEF at 1 year assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging\/computed tomography. The i.m. BMC group showed a significant improvement in LVEF of 4.99% (95% confidence interval 0.33\u20139.6%; P = 0.038) at 1 year. This group also showed a reduction in NYHA class at 1 year and NT-proBNP at 6 months. No other group showed a significant change in LVEF. This finding is supported by post-hoc between-group comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have shown that G-CSF combined with autologous i.m. BMCs has a beneficial effect on cardiac function and symptoms. However, this result should be considered preliminary in support of a clinical benefit of i.m. stem cell infusion in \u2018no option\u2019 patients and needs further exploration in a larger study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T02:26:49Z","timestamp":1477621609000},"page":"138-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["An Exploratory Randomized Control Study of Combination Cytokine and Adult Autologous Bone Marrow Progenitor Cell Administration in Patients with Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy: The REGENERATE-IHD Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tawfiq","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust , London 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