{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T04:15:51Z","timestamp":1776572151660,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher heart rate is associated with poorer outcomes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF). Less is known about the association between heart rate and outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF). Therefore, we examined the relationship between heart rate and outcomes in the irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function trial (I-Preserve) in patients with an ejection fraction &amp;gt;45% aged &amp;gt;60 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heart rate was analysed as both a categorical (tertiles) and continuous variable. Patients in sinus rhythm (n = 3271) and atrial fibrillation (n = 696) were analysed separately. The outcomes examined were the primary endpoint of the trial (all-cause death or cardiovascular hospitalization), the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (and its components) and all-cause death alone. Higher heart rate was associated with a significantly higher risk of all outcomes studied for patients in sinus rhythm, even after adjustment for other prognostic variables, including N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Each standard deviation (12.4 bpm) increase in heart rate was associated with an increase in risk of 13% for cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (P = 0.002). No relationship between heart rate and outcomes was observed for patients in atrial fibrillation. Beta-blocker treatment did not reduce the heart rate\u2013risk relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, heart rate is in sinus rhythm an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes and might be a therapeutic target in this syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Trial Registration \u2013 URL http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT0095238<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.85","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T07:35:48Z","timestamp":1400830548000},"page":"778-787","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Relationship between Heart Rate and Mortality and Morbidity in the Irbesartan Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Systolic Function Trial (I-Preserve)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes , Homburg\/Saar ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana-Cristina","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pardeep S.","family":"Jhund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan C.","family":"Reil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes , Homburg\/Saar ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Komajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris 6 and Hospital Piti\u00e9\u2013Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Zile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"McKelvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inder S","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry M.","family":"Massie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center , San Francisco ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University and Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J. V.","family":"McMurray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011921120424400_ejhf85-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn123","article-title":"Impact of resting heart rate on outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR\/trandolapril STudy (INVEST)","volume":"29","author":"Kolloch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026011921120424400_ejhf85-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61171-X","article-title":"Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Fox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026011921120424400_ejhf85-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61259-7","article-title":"Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026011921120424400_ejhf85-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61198-1","article-title":"Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised-placebo-controlled study","volume":"376","author":"Swedberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026011921120424400_ejhf85-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs105","article-title":"ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. 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