{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:45:47Z","timestamp":1759333547350},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]],"date-time":"2005-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8355,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies performed in our laboratory have revealed that an ordered, sequential, tricellular interaction is obligatory for the antigen\u2010driven induction of a specific effector memory T cell. Thus, it was found that antigen\u2010pulsed peritoneal macrophages signal, in spleen cells, the generation of antigen\u2010specific initiator lymphocytes. These lymphocytes, following injection to syngeneic recipients, recruit, in the draining lymph nodes, \u201cvirgin\u201d antigen\u2010reactive T lymphocytes. Although the nature of the first and last cell in the interacting sequence was well characterized, the identity of the intermediary initiator splenic cell was obscure. Studies were carried out to characterize the nature of the splenic initiator cells. It was found that spleen cells from nu\/nu, adult thymectomized and neonatal thymectomized, or spleen cells from normal donors which had been subjected to cytolysis using anti\u2010Thy\u20101.2 antibodies in the presence of complement, did generate, following interaction with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)\u2010fed macrophages, specific initiator cells. Carrageenan impairment of spleen macrophages did not affect the generation of initiator cells, nor did the depletion of dendritic cells from the spleen. On the other hand highly enriched B cell, but not highly enriched T cell populations, when seeded on KLH\u2010pulsed macrophages, generated antigen\u2010specific initiators, which, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, recruited antigen\u2010reactive T cells. It thus appeared that B lymphocytes can function as intermediary obligatory antigen\u2010presenting cells and actively transfer immunogenic signals from peritoneal antigen\u2010presenting cells to T lymphocytes. These findings may therefore suggest that antigen\u2010specific B cells do not function solely as antibody\u2010producing cells, but, once activated by macrophages, may control the induction and differentiation of some antigen\u2010reactive T cell subsets. Thus, one can view the B cell as an important regulatory cell of both cellular and humoral immune functions. The significance of this observation with regard to Ir gene control at the level of B lymphocytes is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830130202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T20:01:12Z","timestamp":1172692872000},"page":"89-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Splenic B cells function as immunogenic antigenpresenting cells for the induction of effector T cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Tzehoval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"De Baetselier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yacov","family":"Ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Tartakovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shraga","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.137.6.1405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.2.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"47","volume":"5","author":"Rosenthal A. 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