{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T10:59:12Z","timestamp":1760266752991},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]],"date-time":"2005-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7624,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The injection of mice with 800 \u03bcg of an affinity\u2010purified goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaM\u03b4) induces early, T\u2010independent polyclonal increases in the expression of B cell surface Ia, and B cell size and DNA synthesis, as well as later, T\u2010dependent polyclonal increases in spleen cell number and Ig secretion. We have now studied the effects of varying the doses of injected GaM\u03b4 on all phases of B cell activation, as well as the effects of supplementing GaMG with varying quantities of normal goat IgG (GIgG). We have found that while 12.5 \u03bcg of GaM\u03b4 modulates most of the IgD from the surface of splenic B lymphocytes, it fails to activate these cells. Increases in the expression of B cell surface Ia are first seen when 50 \u03bcg of GaM\u03b4 is injected, while increases in B cell DNA synthesis usually require the injection of 200 \u03bcg of GaM\u03b4 and peak with doses of approximately 800 \u03bcg. Increases in splenic B cell number and DNA synthesis during the T\u2010dependent phase of GaM\u03b4\u2010induced B cell activation are seen only in those mice that were injected with sufficient quantities of GaM\u03b4 to induce DNA synthesis during the T\u2010independent phase. Supplementing the dose of GaM\u03b4 injected with additional GIgG has no significant effect on B cell DNA synthesis or B cell number but dramatically increases polyclonal IgG<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> secretion. Although mice which have been injected with 50 \u03bcg of GaM\u03b4 or with 800 p\u03bc of GIgG alone have few polyclonal IgG<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010secreting cells, substantial increases in the number of IgG<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>,\u2010 secreting cells are seen in mice injected with 50 \u03bcg of GaM\u03b4 plus 750 \u03bcg of GIgG. GIgG and larger doses of GaM\u03b4 similarly act synergistically to increase polyclonal IgG<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> secretion. In contrast to the induction of polyclonal IgG<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> secretion, the stimulation of polyclonal IgM secretion requires the injection of mitogenic doses of GaM\u03b4 and is not enhanced by the injection of additional GIgG. These observations suggest that, in this model system, stimulatory signals that activate B cells through their surface Ig are limiting for the induction of polyclonal proliferation and IgM secretion, while the generation of T helper lymphokines that do not directly interact with B cells through their surface Ig may be more limiting for the stimulation of polyclonal IgG<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> secretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830150402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T21:39:12Z","timestamp":1172698752000},"page":"315-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD. VI. Influence of doses of goat anti\u2010mouse \u03b4 chain and normal goat IgG on B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fred D.","family":"Finkelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Villacreses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor S.","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.2.629","volume":"129","author":"Finkelman F. D.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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