{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:47:41Z","timestamp":1762865261830},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6895,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis of human B cell responses at the clonal level (limiting dilution assay) is still technically difficult. In the present study we report on a culture system that leads to activation, proliferation and differentiation into antibody\u2010secreting cells (ASC) of about 90% of B cells from peripheral blood or spleen. In this system, B cells are cultured in the presence of (a) a mutant subclone of the mouse thymoma EL4 for B cell activation and (b) human T cell plus macrophage supernatant as source of proliferation and differentiation factors. ASC precursors generating clonal responses of IgM only, IgM plus IgG, or IgG only occurred at a ratio of about 6:3:1. The mean clone size was 380 cytoplasmic Ig<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells; the mean amount of Ig secreted per clone was 20 ng.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Furthermore, it has been found using this system that a considerable proportion of peripheral blood B cells from individuals with a history of malaria infection could generate clones of anti\u2010malaria (<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>) ASC (range of 0.1 to 1%, n = 6). In a control group of blood donors the corresponding frequencies were 10 times lower (range of 0.01 to 0.1%, n = 9). These results show that the EL4 culture system can be applied to the investigation of the human B cell specificity repertoire and of priming effects such as result from infectious disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830170624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:40:02Z","timestamp":1172709602000},"page":"887-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Limiting dilution assay for human B cells based on their activation by mutant EL4 thymoma cells: total and anti\u2010malaria responder B cell frequencies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattana","family":"Hanvanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Werner\u2010Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolette","family":"Brouwers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc H.","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf H.","family":"Zubler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.136.2.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830030704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/255630a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"189","volume":"30","author":"Nossal G. J. V.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.145.6.1520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.6.3662"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.1.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.1.106","volume":"136","author":"Chan M. A.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830130908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830131008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.11.3515","volume":"137","author":"Huang Y.\u2010P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.122.5.2096","volume":"122","author":"Izui S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.71.9.3537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.23.2.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.2.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.126.4.1614","volume":"126","author":"Taswell C.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","volume-title":"Limiting Dilution Analysis of Cells in the Immune System","author":"Lefkovits I.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.3.1516","volume":"134","author":"Boyd A. W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/322772a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.04.040186.000305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830161019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Clinical Immunology Update","author":"Perrin L. H.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3808","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.6.3808","volume":"135","author":"Dosch H.\u2010M.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/311727a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/274170a0"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830170624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830170624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T23:00:11Z","timestamp":1697842811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830170624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830170624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830170624","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]}}}