{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1770760833249,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6895,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> immortalized cell lines with the morphology and phenotype of mature macrophages (M\u03a6) have been generated by infecting freshly isolated bone marrow cells from C3H\/HeJ mice with a recombinant retrovirus carrying v\u2010<jats:italic>raf<\/jats:italic> and v\u2010<jats:italic>myc<\/jats:italic> oncogenes. All of the clones obtained had M\u03a6\u2010like phenotypes, and one such clone, GG2EE, has been compared to normal M\u03a6 to ascertain the effects of immortalization on the expression of the biological functions of the lines. GG2EE cells expressed cytotoxic activity against L5178Y, P815 or RL 1 target cells in response to stimulation with interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and heat\u2010killed <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>; in contrast, they failed to kill YAC\u20101 target cells. GG2EE cells did not constitutively express I\u2010A or I\u2010E antigens; nevertheless, I region\u2010coded antigens could be induced by IFN\u2010\u03b3 treatment. GG2EE cells produced interleukin 1 upon stimulation with a T cell\u2010derived lymphokine; they were weakly phagocytic, yet became highly phagocytic following IFN\u2010\u03b3 treatment. Since c\u2010<jats:italic>fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA is augmented in peritoneal exudate M\u03a6 by protein kinase C activators but not by IFN\u2010\u03b3, we evaluated the effects of calcium ionophore, phorbol myristate acetate, L\u2010\u03b1\u20101\u2010oleoyl\u20102\u2010acetoyl\u2010sn\u20103 glycerol (OAG) and IFN\u2010\u03b3 on the levels of c\u2010<jats:italic>fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA in GG2EE cells. We found that calcium ionophore, PMA and OAG stimulation enhanced the expression of c\u2010<jats:italic>fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA, but IFN\u2010\u03b3 treatment did not. The kinetics of c\u2010<jats:italic>fos<\/jats:italic> induction in GG2EE cells were also comparable to those observed in peritoneal exudate M\u03a6. Overall, the GG2EE cell line has the same biological properties as normal tissue M\u03a6. Because it is capable of both constitutive and inducible M\u03a6\u2010like functions, this cell line provides a valuable tool for studying the molecular mechanisms controlling induction and\/or expression of biological activities in M\u03a6. It is striking that a cell line immortalized <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by two oncogenes, v\u2010<jats:italic>raf<\/jats:italic> and v\u2010<jats:italic>myc<\/jats:italic>, behaves, according to the criteria mentioned above, like a normal M\u03a6 population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830171016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:05:01Z","timestamp":1172707501000},"page":"1491-1498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["A murine macrophage cell line, immortalized by v\u2010raf and v\u2010myc oncogenes, exhibits normal macrophage functions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Blasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Radzioch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott K.","family":"Durum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Varesio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Mononuclear Phagocytes: Physiology and Pathology","author":"Varesio L.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-8793-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435","volume":"2","author":"Adams D. 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