{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:38:06Z","timestamp":1757590686264},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6475,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This report describes single\u2010cell techniques to address the nature of a cellular interaction in which activated T lymphocytes stimulate small resting B cells to develop into antibody\u2010forming cell clones in the absence of any surface immunoglobulin ligand or an antigen bridge. The cloned T helper cell line E9.D4 was stimulated with the anti\u2010V<jats:sub>\u03b2<\/jats:sub>8 antibody F23.1 bound to the plastic of Terasaki 10\u2010\u03b3l culture wells. When an excess of T helper lymphocytes was used (1000 X\u2010irradiated or 600 unirradiated, stimulated E9.D4 cells), 10\u201025% of B cells responded by antibody formation as judged by an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay performed after 5 days of culture. When one or a very small number of B cells were present, the rate\u2010limiting step to antibody\u2010forming cell formation was the number of T cells present. Far fewer T cells sufficed for stimulation when culture trays were tilted to force T and B cells into proximity at the sulcus formed at the bottom edge of the culture wells. When T cell numbers were limiting, unirradiated T cells out\u2010performed irradiated T cells. Some cell clones held for 7 days switched to IgG antibody production.<\/jats:p><jats:p>E9.D4 supernatants were virtually ineffective in causing B cell stimulation, even when 3T3 filler cells were added to support cultures. The results suggest that cell contact, and perhaps conjugate formation, with a strongly activated T cell can cause changes in the adjacent resting B cells akin to those of Ig receptor cross\u2010linking, following which a lymphokine flux (even one not involving IL4 and 5) promotes antibody\u2010forming cell development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T01:15:11Z","timestamp":1172711711000},"page":"403-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A significant proportion of normal resting B cells are induced to secrete immunoglobulin through contact with anti\u2010receptor antibody\u2010activated helper T cells in clonal cultures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Riedel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustav J. V.","family":"Nossal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.10.3395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(85)90440-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.8.2656","volume":"139","author":"Alderson M. R.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"189","volume":"30","author":"Nossal G. J. 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