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Results presented in this report show that these cells released substantial amounts of interleukin 3 (IL 3) and granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factors after specific stimulation <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic> In order to assess the involvement of such lymphokines in the exacerbation of cutaneous leishmaniasis by these L3T4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, the effect of the administration of important doses of IL 3 on the course of infection with <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> was investigated. The treatment of genetically susceptible B ALB\/c mice with IL 3 resulted in an enhancement of the size of lesions and favored the multiplication of parasites at anatomical sites distant from the primary lesion. Although IL 3 did not modify the development of lesions in genetically resistant CBA mice, this lymphokine promoted the growth of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> in lymph node draining the lesion. Finally, the addition of IL3 to macrophages parasitized <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> enhanced the survival of intracellular <jats:italic>Leishmania major.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T07:20:02Z","timestamp":1172733602000},"page":"1245-1251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Aggravation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice by administration of interleukin 3"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhu Yun","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Kindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Pedrazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Eliason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Behin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Vassalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Clinical Parasitology","author":"Faust E. 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