{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:44:56Z","timestamp":1762271096918},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6230,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Mycoplasma arthritidis<\/jats:italic> produces an as yet undefined soluble molecule (MAS) that has a potent mitogenic effect on T cells of several species. We have used cloned human cytotoxic and proliferative T lymphocytes to dissect the molecular mechanism of T cell activation by this mitogen. Reactivity to MAS is clonally expressed among T cell receptor (TcR) \u03b1\/\u03b2 chain\u2010expressing T cell clones of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> or CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> phenotype, as well as CD4<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>8<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> TcR\u03b1\/\u03b2 chain\u2010negative T lymphocyte clones expressing the CD3\u2010associated TcR\u03b3 chain. MAS is able to induce cytotoxicity and\/or proliferation in these T cell clones. For triggering of these T cells, regardless of their phenotype of specificity, the presence of autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on accessory cells or target cells is necessary. However, T cells do not immunologically recognize MAS on class II molecules, since a direct action of MAS on the T cells themselves can be demonstrated. Triggering of T cells by MAS can be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against CD2, CD3 and the TcR\u03b1\/\u03b2 chain dimer. We discuss as a possible explanation that MAS is a functionally bivalent molecule cross\u2010linking TcR and MHC class I1 molecules. Thus, the mechanism of T cell activation by MAS has striking similarities to the mechanisms by which Staphylococcal enterotoxins activate T cells. It is intriguing that a similar mitogenic principle has been developed by two evolutionary distinct pathogenic microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830181112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T01:04:54Z","timestamp":1172711094000},"page":"1733-1738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Clonal analysis of human T cell activation by the Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen (MAS)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Michaela","family":"Matthes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Schrezenmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00d6Rg","family":"Homfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Malissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"326","volume":"23","author":"Washburn L. 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