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When infecting athymic ICR nu\/nu mice which cannot develop T cell\u2010mediated meningitis after LCMV infection, no significant synthesis of IL 6 was detected in the CNS. IL 6 was found, however, to be produced intrathecally in ICR nu\/nu mice infected with VSV, which causes a T cell\u2010independent acute encephalitis. This suggested that IL 6 may also originate from cells not belonging to the T cell compartment. Indeed, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assays showed that both virus\u2010infected microglial cells and astrocytes secreted IL 6. In astrocytes, the infection resulted in the induction of the 1.3\u2010kb messenger RNA IL 6. Besides its effect on the development of B cell immunity in the brain, IL 6 may be involved in repair mechanisms initiated in the course of viral\u2010induced tissue damage. As shown here, IL 6 induced an increase of the secretion of a neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor by astrocytes. Thus, the intrathecal synthesis of IL 6 may be part of the host response to infection favoring immune\u2010mediated elimination of the infectious agent as well as trophic support for neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T10:48:44Z","timestamp":1172746124000},"page":"689-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":532,"title":["On the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Frei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula V.","family":"Malipiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Leist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf M.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin E.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"444","volume-title":"Clinical Neuroimmunology","author":"Link H.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.9_Part_2.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.4.1060"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(88)91200-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.2.990","volume":"134","author":"Kikutani H.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. 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