{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:28:14Z","timestamp":1790216894503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5966,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Class switch of immunoglobulin from \u03bc to \u03b3 occurs by recombination between two repetitive switch sequences: S<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub> and S<jats:sub>\u03b3<\/jats:sub>. However, there are no such sequences in the \u03bc\u2010\u03b4 introns of human and mouse genomes. Although the frequency of IgD\u2010secreting cells is extremely low in mouse about 1% of patients with myeloma produce IgD in human. In a previous report (<jats:italic>Nucleic Acids Res.<\/jats:italic> 1988. <jats:italic>16<\/jats:italic>: 9497) we reported that a 442\u2010bp DNA sequence located in the J<jats:sub>H\u2010\u03bc<\/jats:sub> intron (defined as \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub>) was inserted into the \u03bc\u2010\u03b4 intron (defined as \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub>) in the human genome. There is no such insertion in mouse. We analyzed Ig H chain gene loci of two human IgD myelomas: one was analyzed by cloning and sequencing and the other by Southern hybridization. We found that recombination had occurred between these two homologous DNA sequences, resulting in loss of the DNA segment from \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub> to \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub> On the other hand, in a Burkitt lymphoma, Daudi, the DNA fragment from \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub> to \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub> was duplicated. These results suggest that homologous recombination between \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub> and \u03c3<jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub> sequences mediates class switch from \u03bc to \u03b4 in human and that it occurs via unequal crossing\u2010over between sister chromatids or daughter chromosomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T11:16:23Z","timestamp":1172747783000},"page":"1399-1403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Class switch from \u03bc to \u03b4 is mediated by homologous recombination between \u03c3<sub>\u03bc<\/sub> and \u03c3<sub>\u03bc<\/sub> sequences in human immunoglobulin gene 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