{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T06:29:48Z","timestamp":1770704988353,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5740,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cycling B precursor cells in rat bone marrow (BM) that carry the B220 antigen and no surface Ig daily produce 780 million new cells. The pool of recirculating B lymphocytes in the rat, however, renew at a rate of only about 40 million cells\/day. To analyze at which stages in B lymphocyte genesis the cell loss occurs, we identified post\u2010mitotic cells in the rat BM B lineage, and determined their renewal rates. We used 5\u2010bromo\u2010deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) to label DNA\u2010synthesizing cells, identifying incorporated BrdUrd with the mouse monoclonal antibody BU\u20101. B lineage cell subsets were identified by the markers HIS24 antigen (rat B220), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), Ig \u03bc heavy chain, and complete Ig. By use of double and triple immunocytology, we determined the extent of BrdUrd incorporation in the various B lineage compartments [HIS24<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>TdT<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>Ig<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, TdT<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, cytoplasmic \u03bc chain (c\u03bc)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> surface (s) IgM<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> pre\u2010B, sIgM<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B]. Both sIgM<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B lymphocytes and all B precursors with cell diameters &lt; 11\u201312 \u03bcm were virtually devoid of DNA synthesis, as indicated by S\u2010phase indices below 2%. In contrast, S\u2010phase indices of large B precursors ranged between 43%\u201366%.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We established the renewal rates of nondividing BM B lineage cells by placing osmotic minipumps containing BrdUrd subcutaneously in the flank of rats. The nondividing BM B lineage cells all renewed rapidly at rates between 2.4% and 5.6%\/h, representing average half\u2010lives of 29 to 12 h. In absolute numbers, the renewal\/day\/whole body BM was 165 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> for sIgM<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B lymphocytes, 422 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> for small c\u03bc<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> sIgM<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> pre\u2010B cells, 89 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> for small TdT<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and 35 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> for small HIS24<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>TdT<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>Ig<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cells. Assuming that recirculating B lymphocytes in the periphery are the descendants of BM sIgM<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B lymphocytes, which in their turn are the progeny of small pre\u2010B cells, the renewal data indicate the following. Of the 165 million potentially available BM B lymphocytes, only 40 million cells become incorporated in the pool of recirculating B lymphocytes, representing a loss of 75%. BM B lymphocytes, in turn, use only (165\/422 \u00d7 100% =) 40% of the potential output from their immediate precursors. The 60% loss that occurs here may reflect the extent of aberrant Ig light chain gene rearrangement in normal B lymphocyte genesis. In the earlier stages in B lymphocyte genesis, many of the 780 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> new cells produced by proliferating precursors apparently do not reach the small pre\u2010B compartment (which takes up only 422 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> new cells\/day). The overall loss amounts to a total of 95%, with [(780\u2010165)\/780 \u00d7 100% =] 80% in the BM and [(165\u201040)\/780 \u00d7 100% =] 15% in the periphery. We discuss mechanisms potentially underlying the loss at the various stages in B lymphocyte development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830200315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T11:47:25Z","timestamp":1172749645000},"page":"557-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["In rat B lymphocyte genesis sixty percent is lost from the bone marrow at the transition of nondividing pre\u2010B cell to sIgM<sup>+<\/sup> B lymphocyte, the stage of Ig light chain gene expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gerrit Jan","family":"Deenen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iteke","family":"Van Balen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davine","family":"Opstelten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(74)90233-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"303","volume":"4","author":"Owen J. 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