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The present report deals with the organ\u2010associated macrophage (M\u03a6) system of two lupus\u2010prone mouse strains (NZB\/W and MRL lpr\/lpr) and demonstrates that in both mouse strains the M\u03a6 compartment of liver and spleen is clearly expanded. In the liver the number of F 4\/80<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> M\u03a6 is strongly elevated. In addition, presence of early M\u03a6 precursors and of extramedullary organassociated monocyte proliferation in response to colony\u2010stimulating factor (CSF) is documented in liver and spleen of these mice. Further, in normal animals during the first two weeks of life extramedullar monocytopoiesis is present in liver and spleen, which is then down\u2010regulated in the third week of life. In the two lupus\u2010prone mouse strains down\u2010regulation does not occur but extramedullar monocyte proliferation is sustained at high level throughout life time. As possible correlates for the expansion of the M\u03a6 system elevated CSF\u20101 mRNA levels are demonstrated in kidney, spleen and liver of NZB\/W mice and elevated CSF serum levels are documented in MRL lpr\/lpr mice. The possible contribution of the expanded M\u03a6 system to B and T cell dysregulation is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T13:01:49Z","timestamp":1172754109000},"page":"2211-2217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Expansion and high proliferate potential of the macrophage system throughout life time of lupus\u2010prone NZB\/W and MRL lpr\/lpr mice. Lack of down\u2010regulation of extramedullar macrophage proliferation in the postnatal period"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Meike","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Emmend\u00f6rffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Luise","family":"Lohmann\u2010Matthes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(83)90138-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.6.1867","volume":"137","author":"Laskin C. A.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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