{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:57:18Z","timestamp":1790981838702,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5166,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hemoflagellate <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic> (T. b.) is the cause of African sleeping sickness. T. b. brucei which is pathogenic for rodents but nonpathogenic for humans was used to examine the interactions between the parasite and mononuclear cells (MNC). Co\u2010cultivation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> of rat or human MNC and T. b. brucei resulted in a rapid non\u2010antigen\u2010specific release of interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) which was dependent on CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphoid cells. The parasites triggered MNC proliferation if IFN\u2010\u03b3 was blocked by a specific antibody <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic> Separate cultures of parasites and MNC in a two\u2010chamber system allowing exchange of soluble mediators showed CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell\u2010dependent MNC triggering, indicating that a diffusable factor released by trypanosomes acts on the MNC. Gel filtration according to molecular mass of disrupted parasites and assay of the fractions revealed a peak activity at an approximate molecular mass of 185 kDa for the trypanosome\u2010derived lymphocyte\u2010triggering factor (TLTF). Conversely, there was a CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell\u2010dependent action of MNC on the trypanosomes. MNC released a diffusable factor that in short\u2010term experiments caused a striking increase in number of parasites. This effect was inhibited by antibodies against rat IFN\u2010\u03b3. The increase in number of trypanosomes was promoted by rat MNC or rat IFN\u2010\u03b3 but not human MNC or human IFN\u2010\u03b3 suggesting a species\u2010restricted recognition of IFN\u2010\u03b3. An <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> uptake of IFN\u2010\u03b3 by the parasites was suggested by immunohistochemical staining of T. b. brucei with an mAb against rat IFN\u2010\u03b3 and Western blot of the parasites showing a band with a molecular mass corresponding to IFN\u2010\u03b3. The bidirectional signals we define here may explain certain features of trypanosomiasis, <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic> T cell activation, immunosuppression and host\u2010range restriction. The seemingly important role of the TLTF indicates that it should be purified and explored as target for immune\u2010specific intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]],"date-time":"2007-03-09T09:41:34Z","timestamp":1173433294000},"page":"2447-2454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Bidirectional activating signals between <i>Trypanosoma brucei<\/i> and CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cells: A trypanosome\u2010released factor triggers interferon\u2010\u03b3 production that stimulates parasite growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tomas","family":"Olsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moiz","family":"Bakhiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conny","family":"Edlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"H\u00f6jeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"van der Meide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krister","family":"Kristensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000085553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"2412","volume":"1","author":"Clayton C. E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.7.3450"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90199-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb03317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-67-6-1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830100807"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830140311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(89)90081-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(70)90120-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(88)90079-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830200521"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(91)90022-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"451","volume":"63","author":"Kaplow L. S.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490240316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1990.tb01761.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(88)90334-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/336079a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"3703","volume":"140","author":"Goldstein S. A. N.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830170415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90053-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346187a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90980-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830181112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.8.2484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.1.84","volume":"144","author":"Klimpel G. R.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.6.2113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-11-03870.1989","volume":"9","author":"Olsson T.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830211022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830211022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T05:54:35Z","timestamp":1698040475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830211022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830211022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830211022","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]}}}