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Lymph node cells from infected cattle were unable to secrete interleukin 2 (IL 2) <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> following mitogenic stimulation and the exogenous supply of IL 2 did not restore T cell proliferative responses. This was associated with an impaired expression of the \u03b1 chain of the IL 2 receptor (IL 2R \u03b1). Co\u2010culture experiments, where cells from an infected animal were mixed with cells from a major histocompatibility complex\u2010matched normal animal, demonstrated the presence of suppressor cells capable of blocking both IL 2 secretion and IL 2R\u03b1 expression. Removal of macrophages by fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting abrogated suppression in such co\u2010cultures. Following depletion of macrophages, lymph node cells from an infected animal expressed IL 2R\u03b1 at a normal level, but remained incapable of producing IL 2. Hence, the unresponsiveness was associated with macrophage\u2010like suppressor cells which operated at the level of both IL 2 secretion and IL 2R\u03b1 expression, and to an intrinsic unresponsiveness of the T cells which was restricted to IL 2 secretion.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by addition of indomethacin failed to abrogate suppression of either IL 2 secretion or IL 2R\u03b1 expression. This revealed a major difference between the regulation of suppression in murine model infections where the suppression of IL 2 secretion is due to prostaglandin secretion, and the situation in cattle where prostaglandins would not appear to be involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T13:55:58Z","timestamp":1172757358000},"page":"767-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Suppression of interleukin 2 secretion and interleukin 2 receptor expression during tsetse\u2010transmitted trypanosomiasis in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Maarten","family":"Sileghem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Norman Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(73)90013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(20)30951-6","volume":"26","author":"Whitelaw D. 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