{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T19:12:22Z","timestamp":1780686742881,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4978,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The eye, brain, and fetoplacental unit within the pregnant uterus are immunologically privileged sites that contain unique fluids with suspected immunoinhibitory properties. Aqueous humor, which is normally present within the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye, has been shown to suppress antigen\u2010driven T cell activation, and to contain significant amounts of transforming growth factor \u03b2\u20102 (TGF\u2010\u03b2). Antigens injected into the AC of normal mice induce a deviant form of systemic immunity, termed anterior chamber\u2010associated immune deviation (ACAID), which is characterized by a selective inability to display antigen\u2010specific delayed hypersensitivity. It has recently been reported that eye\u2010derived macrophages appear in the blood following AC injection of a soluble antigen, and that these cells can induce antigen\u2010specific ACAID when injected into naive, syngeneic recipients. Moreover, antigen\u2010pulsed peritoneally derived macrophages that are exposed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> to aqueous humor, supernatants of cultured iris and ciliary body cells (I\/CD), or TGF\u2010\u03b2 have been found to assume ACAID\u2010inducing properties. In the present experiments, amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid from mice, rats and humans, as well as supernatants from cultured I\/CB cells, have been examined for their capacity to confer ACAID\u2010inducing properties on peritoneal macrophages. It was found that each of these biologic fluids, but neither normal mouse serum nor rat thoracic duct lymph, was able to endow antigen\u2010pulsed peritoneal macrophages with ACAID\u2010inducing properties. Moreover, fluids from these immune privileged sites were found to contain latent and\/or active TGF\u2010\u03b2, as determined by bioassay, using neutralizing anti\u2010TGF\u2010\u03b2 antibodies. It is concluded (a) that the immune privileged states of the eye, the brain, and the fetoplacental unit share common features, and possess unique fluids with a similar capacity to force macrophages to present antigens in a \u201cdeviant\u201d manner and (b) that this capacity is mediated, at least in part, by TGF\u2010\u03b2. These results are discussed in terms of the potential physiologic and pathophysiologic significance of immune privilege in these three specialized tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T14:35:32Z","timestamp":1172759732000},"page":"1031-1036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Fluids from immune privileged sites endow macrophages with the capacity to induce antigen\u2010specific immune deviation via a mechanism involving transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Garth A.","family":"Wilbanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wayne Streilein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-197504000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.1.3.2957263","volume":"1","author":"Streilein J. 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