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Anti\u2010peptide antibodies were induced when the malaria peptide, conjugated to the mycobacterial hsp, was given in the absence of any adjuvants (Lussow etal., <jats:italic>Eur. J. Immunol.<\/jats:italic> 1991. <jats:italic>87:<\/jats:italic> 2960). In this report, we show that mice immunized with peptides or oligosaccharides conjugated to the 70\u2010kDa hsp produced high titers of IgG antibodies in the absence of any previous priming with BCG.The anti\u2010peptide antibody response persisted for at least 1 year. This adjuvant\u2010free carrier effect of the 70\u2010kDa hsp was T cell dependent, since no anti\u2010peptide nor anti\u201070\u2010kDa IgG antibodies were induced in athymic <jats:italic>nu<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>nu<\/jats:italic> mice. Previous immunization of mice with the 65\u2010kDa or 70\u2010kDa hsp did not have any negative effect on the induction of anti\u2010peptide IgG antibodies after immunization with hsp\u2010peptide conjugates in the absence of adjuvants. Furthermore, preimmunization with the 65\u2010kDa hsp could substitute for BCG in providingan effective priming for the induction of anti\u2010(NANP) antibodies. Finally, both the 65\u2010kDa and 70\u2010kDa hsp acted as carrier molecules for the induction ofIgG antibodies to group C meningococcal oligosaccharides, in the absence of adjuvants. These findings strongly suggest that the use of hsp as carriers in conjugated constructs for the induction of anti\u2010peptide and anti\u2010oligosaccharide antibodies could be of value in the design of new vaccines for eventual use in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T18:19:30Z","timestamp":1172773170000},"page":"1365-1372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Mycobacterial heat\u2010shock proteins as carrier molecules. II: The use of the 70\u2010kDa mycobacterial heat\u2010shock protein as carrier for conjugated vaccinescan circumvent the need for adjuvants and Bacillus Calmette Gu\u00e9rin priming)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Christy","family":"Barrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Lussow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Van","family":"Embden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruurd Van Der","family":"Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rino","family":"Rappuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques A.","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul\u2010Henri","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Del","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"985","volume-title":"Fundamental Immunology","author":"Ada G. 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