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However, the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> role of interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104), a signature product of Th2 cells, is uncertain. We compared the course of <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic> infection in the genetically resistant 129\/Sv mice and the mutant 129\/Sv mice transgenic for the murine IL\u20104 gene under the control of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer and promoter. We report here that in contrast to their wild\u2010type parents, the IL\u20104 transgenic mice are susceptible to <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> infection. This is associated with the development of inexorably progressive lesions and parasite loads. Spleen cells from infected transgenic mice produced significantly higher levels of IL\u20104 but lower amounts of interferon\u2010\u03b3 when stimulated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> with leishmanial antigens compared to those from infected normal 129\/Sv mice. Furthermore, sera from the infected transgenic mice contained higher levels of IL\u20104 and IgE than the sera of infected normal 129\/Sv mice. These results, therefore, establish in a new animal model that IL\u20104 promotes disease development in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T18:53:06Z","timestamp":1172775186000},"page":"566-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Interleukin\u20104 transgenic mice of resistant background are susceptible to <i>Leishmania major<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ludmila M. C. 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