{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T06:29:41Z","timestamp":1770704981867,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4513,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>When cultured <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> with either mitogen or parasite antigens, spleen cells from mice infected with <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> produce significantly higher levels of IL\u20104 than splenocytes from control animals. Previous studies suggested that this increase in IL\u20104 production occurs because of a selective expansion of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in infected mice. However, these experiments employed unfractionated spleen populations rather than purified T lymphocytes. Here we demonstrate that T\u2010depleted spleen cells from infected animals synthesize high levels of interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104), but no IL\u20105 when stimulated with parasite antigen <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Nevertheless, when purified by sorting, T cells and non\u2010B, non\u2010T (NBNT) populations produced similar amounts of IL\u20104 in response to parasite antigen. The IL\u20104 producing NBNT cells were found to belong to an Fee receptor (FceR)\u2010positive population which after sort purification produced high levels of IL\u20104 (between 1000 and 2000 U of per 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> cells). FACS analysis revealed that these FceR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells make up 0.53% of splenic NBNT cells in control animals while in 8\u20109\u2010week\u2010infected animals they increase to 3.8% of that population. In contrast, in mice with 8\u2010week unisexual worm infections these cells comprise only 1.71% of NBNT cells, indicating that eggs are a major stimulus of the response. The expansion of FceR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and their production of IL\u20104 could be an important factor regulating the selection and induction of different CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subsets in schistosome\u2010infected hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T19:24:22Z","timestamp":1172777062000},"page":"1910-1916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Fc\u03f5 receptor\u2010positive cells are a major source of antigen\u2010induced interIeukin\u20104 in spleens of mice infected with <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marika C.","family":"Kullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Caspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay A.","family":"Berzofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Seder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.002125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(06)80033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.4.1322","volume":"146","author":"Grzych J. 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