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The T cells from young adult BALB\/c mice with acute <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection exhibit suppressor activity when added to full allogeneic or Mis\u2010disparate mixed lymphocyte cultures. This suppression could not be reverted by exogenous interleukin (IL)\u20102 and was not directly dependent on the presence of IL\u20104, IL\u201010 or transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2. Further characterization of the T cell lineage responsible for the suppressor activity by <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and\/or <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> depletion with monoclonal antibody to \u03b1\u03b2 or \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptor revealed that splenic \u03b3\u03b4 T cells function as suppressor lymphocytes in young <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected mice. In addition, these young adult BALB\/c mice do not develop autoimmune myocarditis and showed a low incidence of syngeneic heart graft rejection in the early chronic phase of the infection. In contrast, T cells from acutely infected aged BALB\/c mice lacked demonstrable T suppressor activity. Furthermore, these mice developed a severe autoimmune myocarditis as early as 2 months after the onset of the infection, when the majority of them reject syngeneic heart grafts. These findings suggest that a \u03b3\u03b4 T cell\u2010mediated suppressor mechanism may operate in the avoidance of the breaking of tissue\u2010specific tolerance during the acute infection. Moreover, such a mechanism is likely related to the immune system chronobiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830231033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T18:36:00Z","timestamp":1172774160000},"page":"2597-2605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["An age\u2010related \u03b3\u03b4 T cell suppressor activity correlates with the outcome of autoimmunity in experimental <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fab\u00edola","family":"Cardillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto P.","family":"Falcao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos A.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(90)90191-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90991-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"209","volume":"114","author":"Rossi M. 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