{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T05:02:17Z","timestamp":1770699737723,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4040,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The major purpose of this study was to elucidate Th1 [interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 and interleukin (IL)\u20102] and Th2 (IL\u20104, IL\u20105 and IL\u20106) cytokine\u2010producing CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in salivary glands, which are the major mucosal effector tissues in the oral region. Thus, CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were isolated from salivary gland\u2010associated tissues (SGAT) which consist of the submandibular gland (SMG: \u223c46%), the periglandular lymph node (PGLN: \u223c 72 %), and the cervical lymph node (CLN: \u223c 90%). When SMG CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were examined by Th1 and Th2 cytokine\u2010specific ELISPOT and reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction assay, high levels of both cytokine\u2010specific spot\u2010forming cells (SFC) and mRNA for IFN\u2010\u03b3, and for IL\u20105 and IL\u20106 were noted as representative Th1 or Th2 cytokines, respectively. Following stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A), SMG CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells expressed mRNA and produced lymphokines for an array of Th1 (IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20102) and Th2 (IL\u20104, IL\u20105 and IL\u20106) cytokines. In comparison to the SMG CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, PGLN and CLN contain lower numbers of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010, IL\u20105\u2010 and IL\u20106\u2010producing T cells. When these two tissues were compared, PGLN CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells contained higher numbers of cytokine\u2010secreting cells than CLN. Further, IL\u20102 and IL\u20104 SFC and mRNA were also noted in addition to IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20105 and IL\u20106 after Con A activation. These findings showed that CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in SGAT, especially the SMG, are programmed to produce IFN\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u20105 and IL\u20106 as Th1 and Th2 cytokines, respectively <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, although these cells are capable of producing other Th1 and Th2 cytokines after receiving appropriate T cell activation signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830241113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T19:54:10Z","timestamp":1172778850000},"page":"2653-2658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Characterization of cytokine\u2010producing cells in mucosal effector sites: CD3<sup>+<\/sup> T cells of Th1 and Th2 type in salivary gland\u2010associated tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Takachika","family":"Hiroi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohtaro","family":"Fujihashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry R.","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"55","volume":"2","author":"McGhee J. R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74529-4_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411900010010401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"157","volume":"184","author":"Holmgren J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.4.1072-1077.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.3.996-1001.1991","volume":"59","author":"Czerkinsky C.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"Ogawa T. Shimauchi H.andHamada S. Infect. Immun.1989."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.11.3466-3471.1989","volume":"57","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/4.9.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.7.2030","volume":"148","author":"Mega J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830160313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"295","volume":"64","author":"Pappo J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"1224","volume":"112","author":"Ebersole J. L.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.149.3.632"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/3.8.793"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.3.695"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"199","volume":"128","author":"Taguchi T.","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(93)90176-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/5.11.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"1096","volume":"7","author":"Brenner C. A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.1.106","volume":"150","author":"Yamamoto M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.8.2669","volume":"139","author":"Murray P. D.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.11.3685","volume":"139","author":"Coffman R. L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.9.3033","volume":"140","author":"Harriman G. R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.6.2035","volume":"141","author":"Beagley K. W.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"32","volume":"66","author":"Matsumoto R.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.6.2133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.1.68","volume":"145","author":"Taguchi T.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.4.1309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(85)90080-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90472-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.2.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.3.749","volume":"141","author":"Savelkoul H. F.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830241113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830241113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T06:31:09Z","timestamp":1695709869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830241113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830241113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830241113","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}}}