{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:46:57Z","timestamp":1792572417390,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4018,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resistance and susceptibility to the intestinal nematode <jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic> has been shown to be dependent upon the induction of T helper type 2 (T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>2) or T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>1 cells, respectively. This study demonstrates that in a normally resistant strain of mouse, <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic> BALB\/K which mounts a dominant T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>2 response, sub\u2010threshold levels of infection (&lt; 40 eggs) can survive and become sexually mature adult worms (10\u201320 adults). The immunological basis of this phenomenon was found to be a dramatically altered polarization of the CD4 response. The T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>2\u2010response characteristic of this strain of mouse infected with <jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic> was shown to be significantly down\u2010regulated as assessed by <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cytokine production [interleukin (IL)\u20104, IL\u20105 and IL\u20109]. In contrast, T<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>1 parameters of infection such as <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> interferon\u2010\u03b3 production and the presence of parasite\u2010specific IgG2a were greatly up\u2010regulated in these mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830241230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T19:52:12Z","timestamp":1172778732000},"page":"3113-3118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Low\u2010level infection with <i>Trichuris muris<\/i> significantly affects the polarization of the CD4 response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Allison J.","family":"Bancroft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Grencis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"508","volume":"72","author":"Else K. J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"232","volume":"75","author":"Else K. J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.13.5513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1992.tb01415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.2.655","volume":"136","author":"Sadick M. D.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"A58","volume-title":"Imrnunoparasitolgy Today","author":"Locksley R. M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1988.tb00732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1636090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000046382"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000072395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000079762"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.1993.15.10.595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2717","volume":"150","author":"Sato T. A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1235","volume":"151","author":"Finkelman F. D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/315333a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.001511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000062193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.4.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3820","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.12.3820","volume":"148","author":"Abishira\u2010Amar O.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.5.1381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.1.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90110-X"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830241230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830241230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T02:30:05Z","timestamp":1698114605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830241230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830241230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830241230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}}}