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To gain an insight into the mechanisms that control sIL\u20104R synthesis <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and their role in the regulation of immune responses, the expression and secretion of sIL\u20104R in mice infected with <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> was studied. Splenocytes from infected animals responded to schistosomal antigen preparations with increased production of both IL\u20104 and sIL\u20104R. The synthesis of sIL\u20104R by spleen cells peaked at 8 weeks following infection and coincided with maximum levels of sIL\u20104R in serum and sIL\u20104R\u2010specific mRNA in the liver of infected mice. The expression of IL\u20104\u2010specific mRNA in the liver was different from that of IL\u20104R, reaching its peak approximately 2 weeks earlier. A relationship between sIL\u20104R production and the development and activation of Th2 cells was suggested by the findings that: (a) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> administration of anti\u2010IL\u20104 antibodies (11B11) impaired the ability of splenic cells to secrete either IL\u20104 or sIL\u20104R; and (b) splenic cells from mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae, which tend to develop much weaker Th2 responses than mice injected with live cercariae, expressed reduced levels of sIL\u20104R when challenged with schistosomal antigens. Moreover, a direct role for IL\u20104 in regulating the expression of sIL\u20104R was suggested by the ability of anti\u2010IL\u20104 antibodies to inhibit sIL\u20104R synthesis <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. These data provide the first evidence demonstrating that the production of sIL\u20104R <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> is up\u2010regulated during immune responses, especially during those characterized by the development and activation of Th2 cells and IL\u20104 secretion. The association between sIL\u20104R and IL\u20104 syntheses is consistent with a potential role for sIL\u20104R in the regulation of IL\u20104 activity <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T00:25:04Z","timestamp":1172795104000},"page":"649-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Linked <i>in vivo<\/i> expression of soluble interleukin\u20104 receptor and interleukin\u20104 in murine schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Fernandez\u2010Botran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hieny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Caspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Chilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-8-619"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90295-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.11.4202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90040-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.4.1409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.22.8781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.11.1868981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.3.673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.2.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1548","volume":"151","author":"Mohler K. 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