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In this study we utilized mutant mice that lack either \u03b1\u03b2 or \u03b3\u03b4 T cells as a result of gene targeting to investigate the relative roles of \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the induction of immunopathology related to schistosomiasis. Mutant and control mice were infected with <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> and granuloma formation as well as lymph node cell proliferative responses to egg antigens were analyzed after 8 weeks. TCR \u03b4 mutant mice (lacking \u03b3\u03b4 T cells) displayed vigorous formation of egg granulomas that were not significantly different from those observed in normal controls, both in terms of granuloma size and cellular composition. In contrast, TCR \u03b1 and TCR \u03b2 mutant mice (lacking \u03b1\u03b2 T cells) were unable to form granulomas. Moreover, mesenteric lymph node cells from TCR \u03b4 mutant and control mice responded strongly to egg antigens <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, while TCR \u03b1 and \u03b2 mutant mice did not. Our studies show that in schistosomiasis granuloma formation and proliferative responses to egg antigens are strictly dependent on \u03b1\u03b2 T cells. They also suggest that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells by themselves can neither mediate a granulomatous inflammation, nor significantly modify one mediated by \u03b1\u03b2 T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T00:19:19Z","timestamp":1172794759000},"page":"884-888","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["T cells expressing the \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptor are not required for egg granuloma formation in schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Iacomini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Ricklan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel J.","family":"Stadecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"527","volume-title":"Immunology of Parasitic Diseases","author":"Smithers S. 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