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The data demonstrate that active immunization of mice prior to an i.c. infection with <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> prevents the development of a fatal necrotizing encephalitis and accelerates the recruitment of an increased number of \u03b1\u03b2 T cell receptor (TcR)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, \u03b3\u03b4 TcR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, B cells, granulocytes and macrophages to the brain compared to non\u2010immunized animals. In addition, immunization induced a pronounced activation of i.c. macrophages and microglial cells as shown by an increased expression of MHC class II antigens. In parallel, transcript levels for all cytokine mRNA analyzed were higher in the brains of immunized mice. The protective effects of immunization were completely abolished by depletion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, or both T cell subsets. All groups of T cell\u2010depleted immunized mice developed a fatal necrotizing encephalitis with an increased i.c. bacterial load. In addition, cytokine mRNA synthesis was significantly impaired. The severity of disease was only slightly different between CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell depleted mice, indicating that both subsets of T cells are required for an effective i.c. immune response to <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. This is in marked contrast to systemic listeriosis, and points to CNS\u2010specific features of the immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T01:17:47Z","timestamp":1172798267000},"page":"2384-2391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Systemic immunization induces protective CD4<sup>+<\/sup> and CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cell\u2010mediated immune responses in murine <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i> meningoencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Schl\u00fcter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona B.","family":"Oprisiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Chahoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otmar D.","family":"Wiestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Deckert\u2010Schl\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.5.1743"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.4.1255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.9.2894","volume":"143","author":"Havell E. 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