{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:57:28Z","timestamp":1789181848382,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3736,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most important immunopathological consequence of infection with <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> seen in murine and human hosts is the suppression of T cell\u2010mediated immune responses to both mitogens and leishmanial antigens. It has been suggested that this suppression is mediated by macrophages, either by defective antigen processing and presentation or by the elaboration of suppressive mediators like prostaglandins. Optimum activation of T helper cells requires not only T cell receptor occupancy by the antigen\u2010Ia complex, but also costimulatory signals provided by the antigen\u2010presenting cells. We investigated the status of several costimulatory molecules on infected macrophages from both genetically susceptible BALB\/c and resistant C57BL\/6 mice. Our results demonstrate that upon parasitization, the macrophages become unable to deliver costimulatory signals to T helper cells, and that this effects is mediated by prostaglandins, as the inhibition of its synthesis by indomethacin recovered the defect. Upon infection with <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>, B7\u20101 expression was decreased, while ICAM\u20101 was marginally increased in BALB\/c macrophages and there was no significant change in the expression of B7\u20101 and ICAM\u20101 in <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected C57BL\/6 macrophages. Expression of VCAM\u20101 did not change during infection. This selective alteration in the expression of costimulatory molecules on <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected BALB\/c macrophages was caused by the living parasite, as shown by the fact that killing of the parasites by stibogluconate led to no alteration in the levels of costimulatory molecules. We found that the change in B7\u20101 expression on the surface of infected macrophages resulted in the inhibition of delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity\u2010mediating functions of T helper cells from BALB\/c mice. The results described in this study not only throw light on the possible mechanism of leishmanial pathogenesis, but also open up the possibility of immunotherapy of leishmaniasis by selective manipulation of costimulatory molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T01:17:30Z","timestamp":1172798250000},"page":"2492-2498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Macrophage\u2010T cell interaction in experimental visceral leishmaniasis: failure to express costimulatory molecules on <i>Leishmania<\/i>\u2010infected macrophages and its implication in the suppression of cell\u2010mediated immunity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gobardhan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Vohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal K.","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyan C.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1978.27.1079","volume":"27","author":"Rezai J. R.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1988.11812205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/283072a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220813"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.002305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(05)80055-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.5.1857","volume":"150","author":"Fruth U.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.4.2050","volume":"151","author":"Prina E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830241108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.12.4579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.15.6403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.9.4210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.1.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1992.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(85)90047-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.2.487-493.1986","volume":"54","author":"Murray H. W.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"246","volume":"173","author":"Hockertz S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Immunobiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.50.1.160-168.1985","volume":"50","author":"Nickol A. D.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.1.556","volume":"134","author":"Reiner N. E.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.6.1926","volume":"138","author":"Reiner N. E.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830241140"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.7.2290","volume":"138","author":"Murray H. W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4378","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.10.4378","volume":"153","author":"Chakkalath H. R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.16.7011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.11.3815"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1224","volume":"151","author":"Ding L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.11.4754","volume":"150","author":"de Waal Malefyt R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.9.4142","volume":"153","author":"Corry D. B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.146.6.1719"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.1.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.11.3688","volume":"138","author":"Cher D. J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.02.040184.002143"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830250913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830250913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T06:54:33Z","timestamp":1698303273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830250913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830250913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830250913","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}}}