{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:30:21Z","timestamp":1791192621177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3645,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>IgD on normal B lymphocytes usually is co\u2010expressed with IgM. A minority of normal plasma cells and rare B cell malignancies express exclusively IgD (IgM<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\u2010IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>). The low frequency has been explained by the lack of a recognizable switch region within the C\u03bc\u2010C\u03b4 intron. We analyzed four cases of IgM<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> hairy cell leukemia (HCL) by Southern (DNA) blot analysis and identified two cases with a recombinatorial event within the C\u03bc\u2010C\u03b4 intron and deletion of C\u03bc. DNA sequence analysis of junctional regions showed that S\u03bc or the immediate upstream region was used as a donor site and that the C\u03bc\u2010C\u03b4 intronic \u03c3\u03b4 region was used as acceptor site. Using polymerase chain reaction, we subsequently analyzed whether similar S\u03bc\u2010\u03c3\u03b4 recombinations occur in normal tonsils containing IgM<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> plasma cells. Multiple products with a size range of 200\u2013800 base pairs were detected in all four individuals, suggesting clustering of acceptor sites within \u03c3\u03b4. Sequence analysis of three cloned products showed S\u03bc\u2010\u03c3\u03b4 recombinations similar those observed in HCL. The \u03c3\u03b4 region contains a relatively high content of pentameric repeats with an extremely G\u2010rich area and appears to function as a vestigial switch recombination site in normal and neoplastic IgM<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\u2010IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T23:36:53Z","timestamp":1172792213000},"page":"3504-3508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["IgD class switching: Identification of a novel recombination site in neoplastic and normal B cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Kluin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Kayano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valter J.","family":"Zani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke C.","family":"Kluin\u2010Nelemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Satterwhite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J. 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