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Infection of SCID mice with viable <jats:italic>Listeria in vivo<\/jats:italic> resulted in a prolonged course of infection eventually causing death by 12\u201314 days, whereas daily administration of IL\u201010 increased bacterial replication in the liver and spleen by up to 1000\u2010fold resulting in death by day 4 post\u2010infection. The immunosuppressive actions of IL\u201010 <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> were also observed in immunocompetent BALB\/c mice, where doses as low as 100 U\/day converted a sublethal infection to 100% mortality. To study the events controlling expression of endogenous IL\u201010, peritoneal macrophage monolayers were challenged with <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic> after pre\u2010incubation with a panel of recombinant cytokines. IFN\u2010\u03b3 primed macrophages for enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion, but inhibited IL\u201010 production, whereas granulocyte\/macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (CSF), macrophage CSF and also IL\u20104 enhanced macrophage IL\u201010 responses after ingestion of <jats:italic>Listeria in vitro.<\/jats:italic> Finally, monoclonal antibody neutralization of IFN\u2010\u03b3 during infection of SCID mice with <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic> inhibited TNF\u2010\u03b1 mRNA, but augmented expression of IL\u201010 mRNA in infected tissues. These results demonstrate that exogenous IL\u201010 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine in the context of infection with an intracellular bacterium and that expression of endogenous IL\u201010 versus TNF is differentially regulated by the cytokine environment of the macrophage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T01:55:43Z","timestamp":1172800543000},"page":"356-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Administration of interleukin\u201010 abolishes innate resistance to <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"John P.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Bancroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/3.6.1221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.1.4","volume":"137","author":"Bancroft G. 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