{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T18:54:19Z","timestamp":1761418459126},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]],"date-time":"2005-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3505,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, infection with <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> type 1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16) or <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic> in adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5) was associated with a gradual accumulation of mRNA for interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2, IL\u201010, IL\u20104, TNF\u2010\u03b2, interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 and perforin in the rectal biopsy samples during the convalescent stage of the disease demonstrated by <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization. In contrast, immunohistochemical staining in rectal tissues of cytokine protein\u2010producing cells at the single\u2010cell level exhibited a steady\u2010state expression during 2\u201336 days after the onset of the disease. The frequency of cytokine mRNA\u2010expressing cells varied in the range of 3\u2013100\u2010fold higher than that of the corresponding protein\u2010synthesizing cells. The accumulation of cytokine mRNA <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> during shigellosis represented a long\u2010lasting phenomenon throughout the disease course, and may be linked to its immunopathogenesis. The results also indicate that assessment of both protein and mRNA <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> may provide complementary information. Stimulation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal healthy donors with <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\u2010derived lipopoly\u2010saccharide or shiga toxin was carried out to elucidate the role of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> antigens in the regulation of translation of cytokine\u2010specific mRNA. The incidence of cytokine (IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1) mRNA\u2010 and cytokine protein\u2010expressing cells was very similar and congruent after both these <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\u2010derived stimuli. We could, thus, not find evidence for shiga toxin\u2010induced down\u2010regulation of cytokine mRNA translation as the explanation for the observed discrepancy between cytokine mRNA and protein levels in the tissue biopsies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T02:03:19Z","timestamp":1172800999000},"page":"1130-1138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Dissociation between cytokine mRNA expression and protein production in shigellosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rubhana","family":"Raqib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Ljungdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alf A.","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Wretlind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117676"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.1.289-296.1995","volume":"63","author":"Raqib R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. 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