{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:43:52Z","timestamp":1761155032738},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]],"date-time":"2005-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3474,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lymphocyte proliferative response and cytokine production to <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> antigen <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> were evaluated in 22 schistosomiasis patients living in an area endemic for this disease. The majority of patients (86%) showed no lymphocyte proliferative response and none of them showed interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) production, following <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> stimulation with soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP). In contrast, interleukin (IL)\u20105 (2038 \u00b1 1757 pg\/ml) and IL\u201010 (867 \u00b1 762 pg\/ml) were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures stimulated with SWAP. Moreover, mRNA for IL\u20104 was detected in SWAP\u2010stimulated PBMC from 4 of 6 patients evaluated. Restoration of lymphoproliferative response was achieved in 4 of 6 patients by adding anti\u2010IL\u201010 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to PBMC cultures [mean stimulation index (SI) in the presence of antigen = 2.7 \u00b1 2.9; SI in the presence of antigen plus anti\u2010IL\u201010, 21 \u00b1 16]. Restoration of IFN\u2010\u03b3 production by addition of anti\u2010IL\u201010 mAb was achieved in 4 of 12 patients evaluated (248, 350, 687 and 710 pg\/ml). Moreover, the addition of IL\u201010 to PBMC cultures of 3 schistosomiasis patients and 2 cured subjects who had high lymphoproliferative responses to SWAP resulted in the suppression of these responses by 90%, and completely suppressed IFN\u2010\u03b3 production in one of the subjects, whose PBMC produced IFN\u2010\u03b3 after stimulation with SWAP. The presence of IL\u20104 mRNA, high levels of IL\u20105, and the absence of IFN\u2010\u03b3 in PBMC culture supernatants from infected patients, supports the conclusion that patients living in an endemic area of schistosomiasis express a predominant T helper type 2 response. The high levels of IL\u201010 and the ability of neutralizing anti\u2010IL\u201010 mAb to restore T cell responses indicate that this cytokine plays an important role in the modulation of T cell responses in schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T02:02:32Z","timestamp":1172800952000},"page":"1399-1403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Evidence of a T helper type 2 activation in human schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Maria Ilma","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia Ribeiro","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ol\u00edvia","family":"Bacellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000053956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.8.2727","volume":"140","author":"Dessein A. J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230125"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.12.4984-4993.1993","volume":"61","author":"Roberts M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.126.1.309","volume":"126","author":"Ellner J. J.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90441-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000231780"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"1619","volume":"27","author":"Ara\u00fajo M. I.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.220","volume":"28","author":"Smith D. H.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277532"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","volume":"193","author":"Lowry O. H.","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1992.tb01406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.118.5.1712","volume":"118","author":"Horwitz D. A.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.1.202","volume":"148","author":"Russo D. M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1989.tb02451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.4.946"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(87)90171-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.3.1069-1073.1993","volume":"61","author":"Kemp M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116372"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.18.8676"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.11.3815","volume":"147","author":"Fiorentino F.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.001121","volume":"11","author":"Moore K. W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.8.2713","volume":"147","author":"Sher A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(95)80095-6"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830260633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830260633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T18:37:40Z","timestamp":1698431860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830260633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830260633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830260633","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]}}}