{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:48:46Z","timestamp":1770720526396,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3395,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have identified and isolated a subpopulation of IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells (IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells) from human tonsils which expresses the germinal center (GC)\u2010associated surface markers CD10, CD38, CD75, CD77 and CD95\/Fas. The heterogeneity of expression of several markers on IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells suggests that this population can be further subdivided into two discrete subtypes. On a functional basis, IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells behave as GC B cells as they rapidly and spontaneously undergo apoptosis <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and cannot be stimulated to synthesize DNA upon cross\u2010linking of the antigen receptor. However, in contrast with most GC B cells, IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells have not completed Ig class switching since they predominantly secrete IgM following stimulation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and lack surface expression of secondary isotypes. Immunoenzymatic staining performed on tonsil tissue sections revealed that IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells are located in two distinct histological structures: within the GC of a few classical secondary follicles, in which they appear as scattered cells, and within rare atypical GC, homogeneously constituted of IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that IgD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells constitute a novel subset of GC B cells. The possibility that these cells could represent an early stage of the follicular reaction or be generated in response to certain bacterial carbohydrate antigens is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T02:39:17Z","timestamp":1172803157000},"page":"1712-1719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification of a tonsil IgD<sup>+<\/sup> B cell subset with phenotypical and functional characteristics of germinal center B cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gis\u00e8le","family":"Billian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mondi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Defrance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001001","volume":"12","author":"Maclennan I. 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