{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:48:40Z","timestamp":1770720520554,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]],"date-time":"2005-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3364,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the main functional features of subepithelial (SE) B cells and compares them with those of purified germinal center (GC) and follicular mantle (FM) B cells isolated from the same tonsils. Unlike GC B cells, SE B cells failed to produce polyspecific antibodies <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>; unlike GC B cells, SE B cells expressed high levels of Bcl\u20102 and failed to undergo spontaneous apoptosis <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The most striking function of SE B cells was their ability to produce IgM antibodies to T cell\u2010independent type\u20102 (TI\u20102) (but not to TI\u20101) antigens (Ag). These antibodies could not be detected when both FM and GC B cells were stimulated with TI\u20102 Ag <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, B cells isolated from peripheral blood were unable to mount a response to TI\u20102 Ag. The latter finding is consistent with the observation that B cells with the phenotypic features of SE B cells were virtually absent in the peripheral blood and emphasizes the notion that SE B cells belong to a subset of non\u2010recirculating B cells. SE B cells were by far superior to FM B cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) stimulation of allogeneic T cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, although they were not as efficient as dendritic cells (DC). In order to stimulate T cells efficiently, SE B cells had to be exposed to anti\u2010\u03bc antibody, a treatment which induced expression of activation markers such as CD80, CD86, CD69 and CD39, usually absent in resting SE B cells. CD80 and CD86 molecules expressed by SE B cells participated in the chain of events required to promote the proliferation of allogeneic T cells as demonstrated by inhibition tests with the appropriate mAb. The expression of CD80 and CD86 by anti\u2010\u03bc\u2010treated SE B cells was not, however, the sole explanation for their good antigen presenting capacities since the exposure of FM B cells to anti\u2010\u03bc antibody also induced expression of these surface structures. Nevertheless, these cells failed to become good MLR stimulators. Collectively, the above data contribute further to the characterization of a distinct subset of tonsillar B cells which resemble, both phenotypically and functionally, the B cells of the splenic marginal zone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T02:34:16Z","timestamp":1172802856000},"page":"2043-2049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Subepithelial B cells in the human palatine tonsil. II. Functional characterization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mariella","family":"Dono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Augliera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito L.","family":"Burgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Massara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Melagrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo E.","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Chiorazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Ferrarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Leucocyte Typing IV","author":"M\u00f6ller P.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90321-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.45.8.668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/86.4.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"222","volume-title":"Leucocyte Typing IV","author":"M\u00f6ller P.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"607","volume":"62","author":"Spencer J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin. 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